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Journal of Virology, April 2001, p. 3207-3219, Vol. 75, No. 7
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.7.3207-3219.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Brome Mosaic Virus Protein 1a Recruits Viral RNA2 to RNA Replication through a 5' Proximal RNA2 Signal

Jianbo Chen,1 Amine Noueiry,1 and Paul Ahlquist1,2,*

Institute for Molecular Virology1 and Howard Hughes Medical Institute,2 University of Wisconsin---Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Received 10 October 2000/Accepted 27 December 2000

Brome mosaic virus (BMV), a positive-strand RNA virus in the alphavirus-like superfamily, encodes two RNA replication factors. Membrane-associated 1a protein contains a helicase-like domain and RNA capping functions. 2a, which is targeted to membranes by 1a, contains a central polymerase-like domain. In the absence of 2a and RNA replication, 1a acts through an intergenic replication signal in BMV genomic RNA3 to stabilize RNA3 and induce RNA3 to associate with cellular membrane. Multiple results imply that 1a-induced RNA3 stabilization reflects interactions involved in recruiting RNA3 templates into replication. To determine if 1a had similar effects on another BMV RNA replication template, we constructed a plasmid expressing BMV genomic RNA2 in vivo. In vivo-expressed RNA2 templates were replicated upon expression of 1a and 2a. In the absence of 2a, 1a stabilized RNA2 and induced RNA2 to associate with membrane. Deletion analysis demonstrated that 1a-induced membrane association of RNA2 was mediated by sequences in the 5'-proximal third of RNA2. The RNA2 5' untranslated region was sufficient to confer 1a-induced membrane association on a nonviral RNA. However, sequences in the N-terminal region of the 2a open reading frame enhanced 1a responsiveness of RNA2 and a chimeric RNA. A 5'-terminal RNA2 stem-loop important for RNA2 replication was essential for 1a-induced membrane association of RNA2 and, like the 1a-responsive RNA3 intergenic region, contained a required box B motif corresponding to the TPsi C stem-loop of host tRNAs. The level of 1a-induced membrane association of various RNA2 mutants correlated well with their abilities to serve as replication templates. These results support and expand the conclusion that 1a-induced BMV RNA stabilization and membrane association reflect early, 1a-mediated steps in viral RNA replication.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin---Madison, 1525 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706-1596. Phone: (608) 263-5916. Fax: (608) 265-9214. E-mail: ahlquist{at}facstaff.wisc.edu.

Journal of Virology, April 2001, p. 3207-3219, Vol. 75, No. 7
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.7.3207-3219.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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