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Journal of Virology, March 2001, p. 2765-2770, Vol. 75, No. 6
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.6.2765-2770.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identification of Novel Porcine Endogenous Betaretrovirus Sequences in Miniature Swine

Thomas Ericsson,1 Beth Oldmixon,1 Jonas Blomberg,2 Margaret Rosa,1 Clive Patience,1,* and Göran Andersson1,dagger

BioTransplant, Inc., Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129,1 and Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Virology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden2

Received 28 August 2000/Accepted 6 December 2000

PCR amplification of genomic DNA from miniature swine peripheral blood lymphocytes, using primers corresponding to highly conserved regions of the polymerase (pol) gene, allowed the identification of two novel porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) sequences, PMSN-1 and PMSN-4. Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of PMSN-1 and PMSN-4 revealed them to be most closely related to betaretroviruses. The identification of PERVs belonging to the Betaretrovirus genus shows that endogenous retroviruses of this family are more broadly represented in mammalian species than previously appreciated. Both sequences contained inactivating mutations, implying that these particular loci are defective. However, Southern blot analysis showed additional copies of closely related proviruses in the miniature swine genome. Analyses of fetal and adult miniature swine tissues revealed a broad mRNA expression pattern of both PMSN-1 and PMSN-4. The most abundant expression was detected in whole bone marrow c-kit+ (CD117+) progenitor bone marrow cells, fetal liver, salivary gland, and thymus. It appears unlikely that functional loci encoding these novel PERV sequences exist, but this remains to be established. The betaretrovirus sequences described in this report will allow such investigations to be actively pursued.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Immerge BioTherapeutics, Building 75, 3rd Ave., Charlestown Navy Yard, Charlestown, MA 02129. Phone: (617) 241-5200. Fax: (617) 241-8780. E-mail: clive.patience{at}immergebt.com.

dagger Present address: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioMedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden.

Journal of Virology, March 2001, p. 2765-2770, Vol. 75, No. 6
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.6.2765-2770.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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