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Journal of Virology, February 2001, p. 1783-1789, Vol. 75, No. 4
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.4.1783-1789.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Evidence of Infection with Simian Type D Retrovirus in Persons Occupationally Exposed to Nonhuman Primates

Nicholas W. Lerche,1,* William M. Switzer,2 JoAnn L. Yee,1 Vedapuri Shanmugam,2 Ann N. Rosenthal,1 Louisa E. Chapman,2 Thomas M. Folks,2 and Walid Heneine2

Simian Retrovirus Laboratory, California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616-8542,1 and HIV and Retrovirology Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303332

Received 7 August 2000/Accepted 20 November 2000

Simian type D retrovirus (SRV) is enzootic in many populations of Asian monkeys of the genus Macaca and is associated with immunodeficiency diseases. However, the zoonotic potential of this agent has not been well defined. Screening for antibodies to SRV was performed as part of an ongoing study looking for evidence of infection with simian retroviruses among persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates (NHPs). Of 231 persons tested, 2 (0.9%) were found to be strongly seropositive, showing reactivity against multiple SRV antigens representing gag, pol, and env gene products by Western immunoblotting. Persistent long-standing seropositivity, as well as neutralizing antibody specific to SRV type 2, was documented in one individual (subject 1), while waning antibody with eventual seroreversion was observed in a second (subject 2). Repeated attempts to detect SRV by isolation in tissue culture and by using sensitive PCR assays for amplification of two SRV gene regions (gag and pol) were negative. Both individuals remain apparently healthy. We were also unable to transmit this seropositivity to an SRV-negative macaque by using inoculation of whole blood from subject 1. The results of this study provide evidence that occupational exposure to NHPs may increase the risk of infection with SRV and underscore the importance of both occupational safety practices and efforts to eliminate this virus from established macaque colonies.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616-8542. Phone: (530) 752-6490. Fax: (530) 752-2880. E-mail: nwlerche{at}ucdavis.edu.

Journal of Virology, February 2001, p. 1783-1789, Vol. 75, No. 4
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.4.1783-1789.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.