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Journal of Virology, February 2001, p. 1195-1204, Vol. 75, No. 3
Department of Molecular Microbiology and
Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis,
Missouri 63104
Received 14 August 2000/Accepted 10 November 2000
Herpes simplex type virus 2 (HSV-2) is a sexually transmitted
pathogen that causes genital lesions and spreads to the nervous system
to establish acute and latent infections. Systemic but not mucosal
cellular and humoral immune responses are elicited by immunization of
mice with a replication-defective mutant of HSV-2, yet the mice are
protected against disease caused by subsequent challenge of the genital
mucosa with virulent HSV-2. In this study, we investigated the role of
immune serum antibody generated by immunization with a
replication-defective HSV-2 vaccine prototype strain in protection of
the genital mucosa and the nervous system from HSV-2 infection. Passive
transfer of replication-defective virus-immune serum at physiologic
concentrations to SCID or B-cell-deficient mice had no effect on
replication of challenge virus in the genital mucosa but did
significantly reduce the incidence and severity of genital and
neurologic disease. In contrast, B-cell-deficient mice immunized with
replication-defective HSV-2 were able to control replication of
challenge virus in the genital mucosa, but not until 3 days
postchallenge, and were not completely protected against genital and
neurologic disease. Passive transfer of physiologic amounts of immune
serum to immunized, B-cell-deficient mice completely restored their
capacity to limit replication of challenge virus in the genital mucosa
and prevented signs of genital and systemic disease. In addition, the
numbers of viral genomes in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia of
immunized, B-cell-deficient mice were dramatically reduced by transfer
of immune serum prior to challenge. These results suggest that there is
an apparent synergism between immune serum antibody and immune T cells
in achieving protection and that serum antibody induced by vaccination
with replication-defective virus aids in reducing establishment of
latent infection after genital infection with HSV-2.
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.3.1195-1204.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Vaccine-Induced Serum Immunoglobin Contributes to Protection
from Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Genital Infection in the Presence
of Immune T Cells
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of
Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104. Phone: (314)
577-8321. Fax: (314) 773-3403. E-mail: morrisla{at}slu.edu.
Journal of Virology, February 2001, p. 1195-1204, Vol. 75, No. 3
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.3.1195-1204.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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