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Journal of Virology, December 2001, p. 11803-11810, Vol. 75, No. 23
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11803-11810.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Molecular Evolution of Puumala Hantavirus
Tarja
Sironen,
Antti
Vaheri,* and
Alexander
Plyusnin
Department of Virology, Haartman Institute,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Received 21 June 2001/Accepted 29 August 2001
Puumala virus (PUUV) is a negative-stranded RNA virus in the genus
Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. In this
study, detailed phylogenetic analysis was performed on 42 complete S
segment sequences of PUUV originated from several European countries,
Russia, and Japan, the largest set available thus far for hantaviruses.
The results show that PUUV sequences form seven distinct and
well-supported genetic lineages; within these lineages, geographical
clustering of genetic variants is observed. The overall phylogeny of
PUUV is star-like, suggesting an early split of genetic lineages. The individual PUUV lineages appear to be independent, with the only exception to this being the Finnish and the Russian lineages that are
closely connected to each other. Two strains of PUUV-like virus from
Japan form the most ancestral lineage diverging from PUUV.
Recombination points within the S segment were searched for and
evidence for intralineage recombination events was seen in the Finnish,
Russian, Danish, and Belgian lineages of PUUV. Molecular clock analysis
showed that PUUV is a stable virus, evolving slowly at a rate of
0.7 × 10
7 to 2.2 × 10
6 nt
substitutions per site per year.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Haartman
Institute, Department of Virology, Haartmaninkatu 3, POB 21, FIN-00014
University of Helsinki, Finland. Phone: 358-9-1912 6490. Fax:
358-9-1912 6491. E-mail: Antti.Vaheri{at}helsinki.fi.
Journal of Virology, December 2001, p. 11803-11810, Vol. 75, No. 23
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11803-11810.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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