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Journal of Virology, December 2001, p. 11803-11810, Vol. 75, No. 23
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11803-11810.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Molecular Evolution of Puumala Hantavirus

Tarja Sironen, Antti Vaheri,* and Alexander Plyusnin

Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Received 21 June 2001/Accepted 29 August 2001

Puumala virus (PUUV) is a negative-stranded RNA virus in the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. In this study, detailed phylogenetic analysis was performed on 42 complete S segment sequences of PUUV originated from several European countries, Russia, and Japan, the largest set available thus far for hantaviruses. The results show that PUUV sequences form seven distinct and well-supported genetic lineages; within these lineages, geographical clustering of genetic variants is observed. The overall phylogeny of PUUV is star-like, suggesting an early split of genetic lineages. The individual PUUV lineages appear to be independent, with the only exception to this being the Finnish and the Russian lineages that are closely connected to each other. Two strains of PUUV-like virus from Japan form the most ancestral lineage diverging from PUUV. Recombination points within the S segment were searched for and evidence for intralineage recombination events was seen in the Finnish, Russian, Danish, and Belgian lineages of PUUV. Molecular clock analysis showed that PUUV is a stable virus, evolving slowly at a rate of 0.7 × 10-7 to 2.2 × 10-6 nt substitutions per site per year.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, Haartmaninkatu 3, POB 21, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Phone: 358-9-1912 6490. Fax: 358-9-1912 6491. E-mail: Antti.Vaheri{at}helsinki.fi.


Journal of Virology, December 2001, p. 11803-11810, Vol. 75, No. 23
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11803-11810.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



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