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Journal of Virology, December 2001, p. 11474-11482, Vol. 75, No. 23
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11474-11482.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Protection against Tetanus by Needle-Free Inoculation of Adenovirus-Vectored Nasal and Epicutaneous Vaccines

Zhongkai Shi,1 Mingtao Zeng,2 Guang Yang,1 Felix Siegel,1 Laura J. Cain,1 Kent R. van Kampen,1 Craig A. Elmets,2 and De-Chu C. Tang1,2,3,*

Vaxin, Inc.,1 Department of Dermatology,2 and Gene Therapy Center,3 University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

Received 30 April 2001/Accepted 30 August 2001

The effectiveness of vaccination programs would be enhanced greatly through the availability of vaccines that can be administered simply and, preferably, painlessly without the need for timed booster injections. Tetanus is a prime example of a disease that is readily preventable by vaccination but remains a major threat to public health due to the problems associated with administration of the present vaccine. Here we show that a protective immune response against live Clostridium tetani infection in mice can be elicited by an adenovirus vector encoding the tetanus toxin C fragment when administered as a nasal or epicutaneous vaccine. The results suggest that these vaccination modalities would be effective needle-free alternatives. This is the first demonstration that absorption of a small number of vectored vaccines into the skin following topical application of a patch can provide protection against live bacteria in a disease setting.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH-501, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294-0019. Phone: (205) 975-5603. Fax: (205) 975-0455. E-mail: dctang{at}uab.edu.

Journal of Virology, December 2001, p. 11474-11482, Vol. 75, No. 23
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11474-11482.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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