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Journal of Virology, November 2001, p. 10787-10799, Vol. 75, No. 22
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.22.10787-10799.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Assembly and Maturation of the Flavivirus Kunjin Virus Appear To Occur in the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and along the Secretory Pathway, Respectively†

Jason M. Mackenzie* and Edwin G. Westaway

Clinical Medical Virology Centre, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, and Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia

Received 18 May 2001/Accepted 6 August 2001

The intracellular assembly site for flaviviruses in currently not known but is presumed to be located within the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Building on previous studies involving immunofluorescence (IF) and cryoimmunoelectron microscopy of Kunjin virus (KUN)-infected cells, we sought to identify the steps involved in the assembly and maturation of KUN. Thus, using antibodies directed against envelope protein E in IF analysis, we found the accumulation of E within regions coincident with the RER and endosomal compartments. Immunogold labeling of cryosections of infected cells indicated that E and minor envelope protein prM were localized to reticulum membranes continuous with KUN-induced convoluted membranes (CM) or paracrystalline arrays (PC) and that sometimes the RER contained immunogold-labeled virus particles. Both proteins were also observed to be labeled in membranes at the periphery of the induced CM or PC structures, but the latter were very seldom labeled internally. Utilizing drugs that inhibit protein and/or membrane traffic throughout the cell, we found that the secretion of KUN particles late in infection was significantly affected in the presence of brefeldin A and that the infectivity of secreted particles was severely affected in the presence of monensin and N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin. Nocodazole did not appear to affect maturation, suggesting that microtubules play no role in assembly or maturation processes. Subsequently, we showed that the exit of intact virions from the RER involves the transport of individual virions within individual vesicles en route to the Golgi apparatus. The results suggest that the assembly of virions occurs within the lumen of the RER and that subsequent maturation occurs via the secretory pathway.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Rd., Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia. Phone: (617) 3636 1569. Fax: (617) 3636 1401. E-mail: j.mackenzie{at}mailbox.uq.edu.au.

dagger SASVRC publication 134.

Journal of Virology, November 2001, p. 10787-10799, Vol. 75, No. 22
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.22.10787-10799.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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