Emergence and Kinetics of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Intestines of Macaques during Primary Infection

doi:10.1128/JVI.75.21.10515-10519.2001

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Journal of Virology, November 2001, p. 10515-10519, Vol. 75, No. 21
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.21.10515-10519.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Emergence and Kinetics of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells in the Intestines of Macaques during Primary Infection

Ronald S. Veazey,¹^,²^,^* Marie-Claire Gauduin,¹ Keith G. Mansfield,¹ Irene C. Tham,¹ John D. Altman,³ Jeffrey D. Lifson,⁴ Andrew A. Lackner,¹ and R. Paul Johnson¹^,⁵

New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772¹; Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana 70433²; Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322³; SAIC, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702⁴; and Infectious Disease Unit and Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129⁵

Received 23 March 2001/Accepted 7 June 2001

In this report, three Mamu-A*01⁺ rhesus macaques were examined to compare the emergence of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specificCD8⁺ T cells in the intestines and blood in early SIV infection usinga major histocompatibility complex class I tetramer complexedwith the Gag_181-189 peptide. Fourteen days after intravenousinoculation with SIVmac251, large numbers of SIV Gag_181-189-specificCD8⁺ T cells were detected in the intestinal mucosa (3.1 to 11.5%of CD3⁺ CD8⁺ lymphocytes) as well as in the blood (3.1 to 13.4%) of all threemacaques. By 21 days postinoculation, levels of tetramer-bindingcells had dropped in both the intestines and blood. At day 63,however, levels of SIV Gag_181-189-specific CD8⁺ T cells in the intestines had rebounded in all three macaquesto levels that were higher (8.6 to 18.7%) than those at day 21.In contrast, percentages of tetramer-binding cells in the peripheralblood remained comparatively stable (2.5 to 4.5%) at this timepoint. In summary, SIV Gag_181-189-specific CD8⁺ T cells appeared in both the intestinal mucosa and peripheralblood at a comparable rate and magnitude in primary SIV infection.Given that the intestine is a major site of early viral replicationas well as the site where most of the total body lymphocyte poolresides, these data indicate that it is also an early and importantsite of development of antiviral immuneresponses.

^* Corresponding author: Present address: Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Rd., Covington, LA 70433.Phone: (504) 871-6228. Fax: (504) 893-1352. E-mail: veazey{at}tpc.tulane.edu.

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