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Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 654-660, Vol. 75, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.2.654-660.2001

Role of Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-12, and Gamma Interferon in Primary and Vaccine-Primed Immune Responses to Friend Retrovirus Infection

Ulf Dittmer,1,2 Karin E. Peterson,1 Ron Messer,1 Ingunn M. Stromnes,1 Brent Race,1 and Kim J. Hasenkrug1,*

Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, 59840,1 and Institut für Virologie der Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany2

Received 12 July 2000/Accepted 16 October 2000

The immunological resistance of a host to viral infections may be strongly influenced by cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma ), which promote T helper type 1 responses, and IL-4, which promotes T helper type 2 responses. We studied the role of these cytokines during primary and secondary immune responses against Friend retrovirus infections in mice. IL-4- and IL-12-deficient mice were comparable to wild-type B6 mice in the ability to control acute and persistent Friend virus infections. In contrast, more than one-third of the IFN-gamma -deficient mice were unable to maintain long-term control of Friend virus and developed gross splenomegaly with high virus loads. Immunization with a live attenuated vaccine virus prior to challenge protected all three types of cytokine-deficient mice from viremia and high levels of spleen virus despite the finding that the vaccinated IFN-gamma -deficient mice were unable to class switch from immunoglobulin M (IgM) to IgG virus-neutralizing antibodies. The results indicate that IFN-gamma plays an important role during primary immune responses against Friend virus but is dispensable during vaccine-primed secondary responses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840. Phone: (406) 363-9310. Fax: (406) 363-9204. E-mail: khasenkrug{at}nih.gov.

Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 654-660, Vol. 75, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.2.654-660.2001


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