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Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 1054-1060, Vol. 75, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.2.1054-1060.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Construction and In Vitro Characterization of Attenuated Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Long Terminal Repeat Mutant Viruses

Luisa Bigornia,1 Kristen M. Lockridge,2 and Ellen E. Sparger1,*

Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine1 and Center of Comparative Medicine,2 University of California, Davis, California 95616

Received 23 March 2000/Accepted 24 October 2000

AP-1- and ATF-binding sites are cis-acting transcriptional elements within the U3 domain of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) that serve as targets for cellular activation pathways and may regulate virus replication. We report that FIV LTR mutant proviruses encoding U3 deletions of the ATF-binding sequence exhibited restricted virus expression and replication in both feline lymphocytes and macrophages. In contrast, deletion of the AP-1 site had negligible effects on virus expression and replication. FIV LTR mutant proviruses encoding deletions of both the AP-1 and ATF sites or a 72-bp deletion encompassing the AP-1 site, duplicated C/EBP sites, and ATF sites were severely restricted for virus expression. These results demonstrate that deletion of either the ATF-binding site or multiple cis-acting transcriptional elements attenuates FIV. These attenuated FIV mutants provide opportunities to characterize the role of cis-acting elements in virus replication in vivo and to test LTR mutants as attenuated virus vaccines.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. Phone: (530) 754-8461. Fax: (530) 752-0414. E-mail: eesparger{at}ucdavis.edu.

Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 1054-1060, Vol. 75, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.2.1054-1060.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.