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Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 8424-8433, Vol. 75, No. 18
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.18.8424-8433.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Feline Leukemia Virus DNA Vaccine Efficacy Is Enhanced by Coadministration with Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 Expression Vectors

Linda Hanlon,* David Argyle, Derek Bain,dagger Lesley Nicolson, Stephen Dunham, Matthew C. Golder, Michael McDonald, Christine McGillivray, Oswald Jarrett, James C. Neil, and David E. Onions

Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom

Received 12 February 2001/Accepted 7 June 2001

The expectation that cell-mediated immunity is important in the control of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection led us to test a DNA vaccine administered alone or with cytokines that favored the development of a Th1 immune response. The vaccine consisted of two plasmids, one expressing the gag/pol genes and the other expressing the env gene of FeLV-A/Glasgow-1. The genetic adjuvants were plasmids encoding the feline cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma ). Kittens were immunized by three intramuscular inoculations of the FeLV DNA vaccine alone or in combination with plasmids expressing IFN-gamma , IL-12, or both IL-12 and IL-18. Control kittens were inoculated with empty plasmid. Following immunization, anti-FeLV antibodies were not detected in any kitten. Three weeks after the final immunization, the kittens were challenged by the intraperitoneal inoculation of FeLV-A/Glasgow-1 and were then monitored for a further 15 weeks for the presence of virus in plasma and, at the end of the trial, for latent virus in bone marrow. The vaccine consisting of FeLV DNA with the IL-12 and IL-18 genes conferred significant immunity, protecting completely against transient and persistent viremia, and in five of six kittens protecting against latent infection. None of the other vaccines provided significant protection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-141-330-6012. Fax: 44-141-330-5602. E-mail: lh40w{at}udcf.gla.ac.uk.

dagger Present address: Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 8424-8433, Vol. 75, No. 18
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.18.8424-8433.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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