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Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 7875-7881, Vol. 75, No. 17
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.17.7875-7881.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Influenza Virus NS1 Protein Induces Apoptosis in Cultured Cells

Stacey Schultz-Cherry,1,* Naomi Dybdahl-Sissoko,2 Gabriele Neumann,3 Yoshihiro Kawaoka,3 and Virginia S. Hinshaw3

Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 306051; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303332; and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin---Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537063

Received 2 April 2001/Accepted 24 May 2001

The importance of influenza viruses as worldwide pathogens in humans, domestic animals, and poultry is well recognized. Discerning how influenza viruses interact with the host at a cellular level is crucial for a better understanding of viral pathogenesis. Influenza viruses induce apoptosis through mechanisms involving the interplay of cellular and viral factors that may depend on the cell type. However, it is unclear which viral genes induce apoptosis. In these studies, we show that the expression of the nonstructural (NS) gene of influenza A virus is sufficient to induce apoptosis in MDCK and HeLa cells. Further studies showed that the multimerization domain of the NS1 protein but not the effector domain is required for apoptosis. However, this mutation is not sufficient to inhibit apoptosis using whole virus.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605. Phone: (706) 546-3464. Fax: (706) 546-3161. E-mail: sschultz{at}seprl.usda.gov.

Journal of Virology, September 2001, p. 7875-7881, Vol. 75, No. 17
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.17.7875-7881.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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