This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Leahy, M. B.
Right arrow Articles by Brownlee, G. G.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Leahy, M. B.
Right arrow Articles by Brownlee, G. G.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, August 2001, p. 7042-7049, Vol. 75, No. 15
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.15.7042-7049.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Hairpin Loop Structure in the 3' Arm of the Influenza A Virus Virion RNA Promoter Is Required for Endonuclease Activity

Michael B. Leahy, Helen C. Dobbyn,dagger and George G. Brownlee*

Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Received 13 February 2001/Accepted 25 April 2001

Previous studies have shown that the 5' arm of the influenza A virus virion RNA promoter requires a hairpin loop structure for efficient endonuclease activity of influenza virus RNA polymerase, an activity that is required for the cap-snatching activity of primers from host pre-mRNA. Here we examine whether a hairpin loop is also required in the 3' arm of the viral RNA promoter. We study point mutations at each nucleotide position (1 to 12) within the 3' arm of the promoter as well as complementary "rescue" mutations which restored base pairing in the stem of a potential hairpin loop. Our results suggest that endonuclease activity is absolutely dependent on the presence of a 3' hairpin loop structure. This is the first direct evidence for RNA secondary structure within the 3' arm being required for a specific stage, i.e., endonuclease cleavage, in the influenza virus replicative cycle.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Chemical Pathology Unit, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 1865 275559. Fax: 44 1865 275556. E-mail: George.Brownlee{at}path.ox.ac.uk.

dagger Present address: School of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Division, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology, August 2001, p. 7042-7049, Vol. 75, No. 15
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.15.7042-7049.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Vreede, F. T., Gifford, H., Brownlee, G. G. (2008). Role of Initiating Nucleoside Triphosphate Concentrations in the Regulation of Influenza Virus Replication and Transcription. J. Virol. 82: 6902-6910 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vreede, F. T., Brownlee, G. G. (2007). Influenza Virion-Derived Viral Ribonucleoproteins Synthesize both mRNA and cRNA In Vitro. J. Virol. 81: 2196-2204 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barr, J. N., Rodgers, J. W., Wertz, G. W. (2005). The Bunyamwera Virus mRNA Transcription Signal Resides within both the 3' and the 5' Terminal Regions and Allows Ambisense Transcription from a Model RNA Segment. J. Virol. 79: 12602-12607 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fechter, P., Brownlee, G. G. (2005). Recognition of mRNA cap structures by viral and cellular proteins. J. Gen. Virol. 86: 1239-1249 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barr, J. N., Wertz, G. W. (2005). Role of the Conserved Nucleotide Mismatch within 3'- and 5'-Terminal Regions of Bunyamwera Virus in Signaling Transcription. J. Virol. 79: 3586-3594 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Crow, M., Deng, T., Addley, M., Brownlee, G. G. (2004). Mutational Analysis of the Influenza Virus cRNA Promoter and Identification of Nucleotides Critical for Replication. J. Virol. 78: 6263-6270 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barr, J. N., Wertz, G. W. (2004). Bunyamwera Bunyavirus RNA Synthesis Requires Cooperation of 3'- and 5'-Terminal Sequences. J. Virol. 78: 1129-1138 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Catchpole, A. P., Mingay, L. J., Fodor, E., Brownlee, G. G. (2003). Alternative base pairs attenuate influenza A virus when introduced into the duplex region of the conserved viral RNA promoter of either the NS or the PA gene. J. Gen. Virol. 84: 507-515 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lee, M.-K., Bae, S.-H., Park, C.-J., Cheong, H.-K., Cheong, C., Choi, B.-S. (2003). A single-nucleotide natural variation (U4 to C4) in an influenza A virus promoter exhibits a large structural change: implications for differential viral RNA synthesis by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Nucleic Acids Res 31: 1216-1223 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Neumann, G., Whitt, M. A., Kawaoka, Y. (2002). A decade after the generation of a negative-sense RNA virus from cloned cDNA - what have we learned?. J. Gen. Virol. 83: 2635-2662 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Flick, R., Elgh, F., Pettersson, R. F. (2002). Mutational Analysis of the Uukuniemi Virus (Bunyaviridae Family) Promoter Reveals Two Elements of Functional Importance. J. Virol. 76: 10849-10860 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fodor, E., Crow, M., Mingay, L. J., Deng, T., Sharps, J., Fechter, P., Brownlee, G. G. (2002). A Single Amino Acid Mutation in the PA Subunit of the Influenza Virus RNA Polymerase Inhibits Endonucleolytic Cleavage of Capped RNAs. J. Virol. 76: 8989-9001 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brownlee, G. G., Sharps, J. L. (2002). The RNA Polymerase of Influenza A Virus Is Stabilized by Interaction with Its Viral RNA Promoter. J. Virol. 76: 7103-7113 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leahy, M. B., Zecchin, G., Brownlee, G. G. (2002). Differential Activation of Influenza A Virus Endonuclease Activity Is Dependent on Multiple Sequence Differences between the Virion RNA and cRNA Promoters. J. Virol. 76: 2019-2023 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»