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Journal of Virology, May 2001, p. 4692-4698, Vol. 75, No. 10
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.10.4692-4698.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Inhibits Double-Stranded RNA-Induced Apoptosis and Interferon Synthesis

Matthias Schweizer* and Ernst Peterhans

Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

Received 14 September 2000/Accepted 23 February 2001

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family, is an economically important cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. Both noncytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp) biotypes of BVDV can be isolated from persistently infected cattle suffering from the lethal mucosal disease. The cp biotype correlates with the production of the NS3 nonstructural protein, which in the corresponding ncp biotype is present in its uncleaved form, NS23. Previously, we have shown that cp but not ncp BVDV induces the formation of alpha /beta interferons in bovine macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate that ncp BVDV inhibits the induction of apoptosis and the expression of interferon alpha /beta by poly(IC), a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Inhibition was observed only in cells which had been infected with ncp BVDV at least 12 h prior to the addition of dsRNA, which indicates that expression of viral proteins is necessary for the ncp virus to inhibit the effects of poly(IC). Additional experiments using transfected poly(IC) showed that ncp BVDV interfered with the intracellular action of dsRNA rather than with its uptake into the cells. Infected cells were not resistant to induction of apoptosis by actinomycin D or staurosporine, which suggests that ncp BVDV may specifically interfere with signaling through dsRNA. Interference with the innate antiviral host responses may explain the successful establishment of persistent infection by ncp BVDV in fetuses early in their development.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Bern, Laenggass-Str. 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Phone: 41 (31) 631 24 97. Fax: 41 (31) 631 25 34. E-mail: schweizer{at}ivv.unibe.ch.

Journal of Virology, May 2001, p. 4692-4698, Vol. 75, No. 10
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.10.4692-4698.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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