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Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 499-505, Vol. 75, No. 1
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.1.499-505.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Immune Response Induced by Airway Sensitization after Influenza A Virus Infection Depends on Timing of Antigen Exposure in Mice

Naomi Yamamoto,1 Shunsuke Suzuki,1,* Yuzo Suzuki,1 Akira Shirai,1 Masatoshi Nakazawa,2 Motoyoshi Suzuki,1 Tetsuya Takamasu,2 Yoji Nagashima,3 Mutsuhiko Minami,2 and Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo1

Departments of Internal Medicine,1 Parasitology,2 and Pathology,3 Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan

Received 3 July 2000/Accepted 10 October 2000

To study which phase of viral infection promotes antigen sensitization via the airway and which type of antigen-presenting cells contributes to antigen sensitization, BALB/c mice were sensitized by inhalation of ovalbumin (OA) during the acute phase or the recovery phase of influenza A virus infection, and then 3 weeks later animals were challenged with OA. The numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes, the amounts of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the serum levels of OA-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE increased in mice sensitized during the acute phase (acute phase group), while a high level of gamma interferon production was detected in those sensitized during the recovery phase (recovery phase group). In the acute phase group, both major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and CD11c were strongly stained on the bronchial epithelium; in the recovery phase group, however, neither molecule was detected. OA-capturing dendritic cells (DCs) migrated to the regional lymph nodes, and a small number of OA-capturing macrophages were also observed in the lymph nodes of the acute phase group. In the recovery group, however, no OA-capturing DCs were detected in either the lungs or the lymph nodes, while OA-capturing macrophages were observed in the lymph nodes. These results indicate that the timing of antigen sensitization after viral infection determines the type of immune response.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: First Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan. Phone: 81-45-787-2630. Fax: +81-45-786-3444. E-mail: ssuzuli{at}med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp.

Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 499-505, Vol. 75, No. 1
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.1.499-505.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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