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Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4429-4432, Vol. 74, No. 9
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
High Frequency of Virus-Specific
Interleukin-2-Producing CD4+ T Cells and Th1 Dominance
during Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Steven M.
Varga1,
and
Raymond M.
Welsh2,*
Program in Immunology and
Virology1 and Department of
Pathology,2 University of Massachusetts
Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
Received 16 November 1999/Accepted 8 February 2000
Analysis of C57BL/6 mice acutely infected with lymphocytic
choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) by using intracellular cytokine staining revealed a high frequency (2 to 10%) of CD4+ T cells
secreting the Th1-associated cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma
interferon (IFN-
), and tumor necrosis factor alpha, with no
concomitant increase in the frequency of CD4+ T cells
secreting the Th2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 following
stimulation with viral peptides. In LCMV-infected C57BL/6
CD8
/
mice, more than 20% of the CD4+ T
cells secreted IFN-
after viral peptide stimulation, whereas less
than 1% of the CD4+ T cells secreted IL-4 under these same
conditions. Mice persistently infected with a high dose of LCMV clone
13 also generated a virtually exclusive Th1 response. Thus, LCMV
induces a much more profound virus-specific CD4+ T-cell
response than previously recognized, and it is dramatically skewed to a
Th1 phenotype.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA 01655. Phone: (508) 856-5819. Fax: (508) 856-5780. E-mail:
rwelsh{at}bangate.ummed.edu.

Present address: Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research,
University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville,
VA
22908.
Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4429-4432, Vol. 74, No. 9
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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