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Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4244-4252, Vol. 74, No. 9
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0

A Single Intramuscular Injection of Recombinant Plasmid DNA Induces Protective Immunity and Prevents Japanese Encephalitis in Mice

Gwong-Jen J. Chang,* Ann R. Hunt, and Brent Davis

Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522

Received 10 November 1999/Accepted 1 February 2000

Plasmid vectors containing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes were constructed that expressed prM and E proteins under the control of a cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter. COS-1 cells transformed with this plasmid vector (JE-4B clone) secreted JEV-specific extracellular particles (EPs) into the culture media. Groups of outbred ICR mice were given one or two doses of recombinant plasmid DNA or two doses of the commercial vaccine JEVAX. All mice that received one or two doses of DNA vaccine maintained JEV-specific antibodies 18 months after initial immunization. JEVAX induced 100% seroconversion in 3-week-old mice; however, none of the 3-day-old mice had enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers higher than 1:400. Female mice immunized with this DNA vaccine developed plaque reduction neutralization antibody titers of between 1:20 and 1:160 and provided 45 to 100% passive protection to their progeny following intraperitoneal challenge with 5,000 PFU of virulent JEV strain SA14. Seven-week-old adult mice that had received a single dose of JEV DNA vaccine when 3 days of age were completely protected from a 50,000-PFU JEV intraperitoneal challenge. These results demonstrate that a recombinant plasmid DNA which produced JEV EPs in vitro is an effective vaccine.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: P.O. Box 2087, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, CDC, Foothill Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087. Phone: (970) 221-6497. Fax: (970) 221-6476. E-mail: gxc7{at}cdc.gov.

Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4244-4252, Vol. 74, No. 9
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0


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