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Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4039-4046, Vol. 74, No. 9
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Subgenomic Negative-Strand RNA Function during Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection

Ralph S. Baric1,2,* and Boyd Yount1

Department of Epidemiology, Program in Infectious Diseases,1 and Department of Microbiology and Immunology,2 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599

Received 8 October 1999/Accepted 18 January 2000

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-infected cells contain full-length and subgenomic-length positive- and negative-strand RNAs. The origin and function of the subgenomic negative-strand RNAs is controversial. In this report we demonstrate that the synthesis and molar ratios of subgenomic negative strands are similar in alternative host cells, suggesting that these RNAs function as important mediators of positive-strand synthesis. Using kinetic labeling experiments, we show that the full-length and subgenomic-length replicative form RNAs rapidly accumulate and then saturate with label, suggesting that the subgenomic-length negative strands are the principal mediators of positive-strand synthesis. Using cycloheximide, which preferentially inhibits negative-strand and to a lesser extent positive-strand synthesis, we demonstrate that cycloheximide treatment equally inhibits full-length and subgenomic-length negative-strand synthesis. Importantly, following treatment, previously transcribed negative strands remain in transcriptionally active complexes even in the absence of new negative-strand synthesis. These findings indicate that the subgenomic-length negative strands are the principal templates of positive-strand synthesis during MHV infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Epidemiology, Program in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400. Phone: (919) 966-3895. Fax: (919) 966-2089. E-mail: rbaric{at}sph.unc.edu.

Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4039-4046, Vol. 74, No. 9
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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