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Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 3984-3995, Vol. 74, No. 9
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Cospeciation and Horizontal Transmission of Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis Virus gag Genes in Galliform Birds

Derek E. Dimcheff,*,1 Sergei V. Drovetski,2 Mallika Krishnan,1 and David P. Mindell1

Department of Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1079,1 and Burke Museum and Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-30102

Received 22 October 1999/Accepted 1 February 2000

In a study of the evolution and distribution of avian retroviruses, we found avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV) gag genes in 26 species of galliform birds from North America, Central America, eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa. Nineteen of the 26 host species from whom ASLVs were sequenced were not previously known to contain ASLVs. We assessed congruence between ASLV phylogenies based on a total of 110 gag gene sequences and ASLV-host phylogenies based on mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA and ND2 sequences to infer coevolutionary history for ASLVs and their hosts. Widespread distribution of ASLVs among diverse, endemic galliform host species suggests an ancient association. Congruent ASLV and host phylogenies for two species of Perdix, two species of Gallus, and Lagopus lagopus and L. mutus also indicate an old association with vertical transmission and cospeciation for these ASLVs and hosts. An inference of horizontal transmission of ASLVs among some members of the Tetraoninae subfamily (grouse and ptarmigan) is supported by ASLV monophyletic groups reflecting geographic distribution and proximity of hosts rather than host species phylogeny. We provide a preliminary phylogenetic taxonomy for the new ASLVs, in which named taxa denote monophyletic groups.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079. Phone: (734) 763-0310. Fax: (734) 763-4080. E-mail: derekdim{at}umich.edu.

Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 3984-3995, Vol. 74, No. 9
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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