An Envelope Glycoprotein of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-W Is Expressed in the Human Placenta and Fuses Cells Expressing the Type D Mammalian Retrovirus Receptor

doi:10.1128/JVI.74.7.3321-3329.2000

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Journal of Virology, April 2000, p. 3321-3329, Vol. 74, No. 7
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

An Envelope Glycoprotein of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-W Is Expressed in the Human Placenta and Fuses Cells Expressing the Type D Mammalian Retrovirus Receptor

Jean-Luc Blond,¹ Dimitri Lavillette,² Valérie Cheynet,¹ Olivier Bouton,¹ Guy Oriol,¹ Sylvie Chapel-Fernandes,² Bernard Mandrand,¹ François Mallet,¹^,^* and François-Loïc Cosset²

Unité Mixte 103 CNRS-bioMérieux¹ and Laboratoire de Vectorologie Rétrovirale et Thérapie Génique, INSERM U412,² Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France

Received 10 November 1999/Accepted 3 January 2000

A new human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) family, termed HERV-W, was recently described (J.-L. Blond, F. Besème, L. Duret,O. Bouton, F. Bedin, H. Perron, B. Mandrand, and F. Mallet, J.Virol. 73:1175-1185, 1999). HERV-W mRNAs were found to be specificallyexpressed in placenta cells, and an env cDNA containing a completeopen reading frame was recovered. In cell-cell fusion assays,we demonstrate here that the product of the HERV-W env gene isa highly fusogenic membrane glycoprotein. Transfection of an HERV-WEnv expression vector in a panel of cell lines derived from differentspecies resulted in formation of syncytia in primate and pig cellsupon interaction with the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor.Moreover, envelope glycoproteins encoded by HERV-W were specificallydetected in placenta cells, suggesting that they may play a physiologicalrole during pregnancy and placentaformation.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité Mixte 103 CNRS-bioMérieux, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie,69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France. Phone: 33472 72 83 58. Fax: 3347272 85 33. E-mail: fmallet{at}ens-bma.cnrs.fr.

Journal of Virology, April 2000, p. 3321-3329, Vol. 74, No. 7
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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