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Journal of Virology, March 2000, p. 2525-2532, Vol. 74, No. 6
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate an Atypical Nurse-to-Patient Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Christophe P. Goujon,1,2 Véronique M. Schneider,1 Jaouad Grofti,3 Joëlle Montigny,4 Vincent Jeantils,5 Pascal Astagneau,6 Willy Rozenbaum,7 Florence Lot,8 Claudie Frocrain-Herchkovitch,9 Nathalie Delphin,1 Frédéric Le Gal,3 Jean-Claude Nicolas,1 Michel C. Milinkovitch,10,* and Paul Dény3,*

Virologie1 and Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales,7 Hôpital Rothschild, and Institut Saint Antoine de Recherche sur la Santé,2 Université Paris 6, Paris, Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris 13, 93009 Bobigny Cedex,3 Direction Départementale de l'Action Sanitaire et Sociale de Seine Saint Denis, Bobigny,4 Médecine Interne, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Université Paris 13, Bondy,5 Centre Inter-Régional de Lutte contre l'Infection Nosocomiale Paris-Nord, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris,6 Réseau National de Santé Publique, Saint-Maurice Cedex,8 and Biologie, Hôpital de Montfermeil, Montfermeil,9 France, and Unit of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Free University of Brussels, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium10

Received 19 July 1999/Accepted 23 December 1999

A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patient with no risk factor experienced HIV type 1 (HIV-1) primary infection 4 weeks after being hospitalized for surgery. Among the medical staff, only two night shift nurses were identified as HIV-1 seropositive. No exposure to blood was evidenced. To test the hypothesis of a possible nurse-to-patient transmission, phylogenetic analyses were conducted using two HIV-1 genomic regions (pol reverse transcriptase [RT] and env C2C4), each compared with reference strains and large local control sets (57 RT and 41 C2C4 local controls). Extensive analyses using multiple methodologies allowed us to test the robustness of phylogeny inference and to assess transmission hypotheses. Results allow us to unambiguously exclude one HIV-positive nurse and strongly suggest the other HIV-positive nurse as the source of infection of the patient.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Michel C. Milinkovitch: Unit of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Free University of Brussels, rue Jeenet et Brachet cp300, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium. Phone: 32-2-6509956. Fax: 32-2-6509950. E-mail: mcmilink{at}ulb.ac.be. Mailing address for Paul Dény: Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris 13, 93009 Bobigny Cedex, France. Phone: 33-1-48955610. Fax: 33-1-48955911. E-mail: paul.deny{at}avc.ap-hop-paris.fr.

Journal of Virology, March 2000, p. 2525-2532, Vol. 74, No. 6
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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