This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Liu, S.
Right arrow Articles by Speck, S. H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Liu, S.
Right arrow Articles by Speck, S. H.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 2029-2037, Vol. 74, No. 4
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Characterization of Gammaherpesvirus 68 Gene 50 Transcription

Shaofan Liu, Iglika V. Pavlova, Herbert W. Virgin IV,* and Samuel H. Speck*

Departments of Pathology and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Received 16 July 1999/Accepted 10 November 1999

Gene 50 is the only immediate-early gene that appears to be conserved among the characterized gammaherpesviruses. It has recently been demonstrated for the human viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) that ectopic expression of the gene 50-encoded product in some latently infected cell lines can lead to the induction of virus replication, indicating that gene 50 is likely to play a pivotal role in regulating gammaherpesvirus reactivation. Here we demonstrate that the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (gamma HV68) gene 50 is an immediate-early gene and that transcription of gamma HV68 gene 50 leads to the production of both spliced and unspliced forms of the gene 50 transcript. Splicing of the transcript near the 5' end serves to extend the gene 50 open reading frame, as has been observed for the gene 50 transcripts encoded by KSHV and herpesvirus saimiri (Whitehouse et al., J. Virol. 71:2550-2554, 1997; Lukac et al., Virology 252:304-312, 1998; Sun et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:10866-10871, 1998). Reverse transcription-PCR analyses, coupled with S1 nuclease protection assays, provided evidence that gene 50 transcripts initiate at several sites within the region from bp 66468 to 66502 in the gamma HV68 genome. Functional characterization of the region upstream of the putative gene 50 transcription initiation site demonstrated orientation-dependent promoter activity and identified a 110-bp region (bp 66442 to 66552) encoding the putative gene 50 promoter. Finally, we demonstrate that the gamma HV68 gene 50 can transactivate the gamma HV68 gene 57 promoter, a known early gene target of the gene 50-encoded transactivator in other gammaherpesviruses. These studies show that the gamma HV68 gene 50 shares several important molecular similarities with the gene 50 homologs in other gammaherpesviruses and thus provides an impetus for future studies analyzing the role of the gamma HV68 gene 50-encoded protein in acute virus replication and reactivation from latency in vivo.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departments of Pathology and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 362-0367. Fax: (314) 362-4096. E-mail for Herbert W. Virgin: virgin{at}immunology.wustl.edu. E-mail for Samuel H. Speck: speck{at}pathology.wustl.edu.

Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 2029-2037, Vol. 74, No. 4
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Wu, T.-T., Park, T., Kim, H., Tran, T., Tong, L., Martinez-Guzman, D., Reyes, N., Deng, H., Sun, R. (2009). ORF30 and ORF34 Are Essential for Expression of Late Genes in Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68. J. Virol. 83: 2265-2273 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Arumugaswami, V., Sitapara, R., Hwang, S., Song, M. J., Ho, T. N., Su, N. Q., Sue, E. Y., Kanagavel, V., Xing, F., Zhang, X., Zhao, M., Deng, H., Wu, T.-T., Kanagavel, S., Zhang, L., Dandekar, S., Papp, J., Sun, R. (2009). High-Resolution Functional Profiling of a Gammaherpesvirus RTA Locus in the Context of the Viral Genome. J. Virol. 83: 1811-1822 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gargano, L. M., Forrest, J. C., Speck, S. H. (2009). Signaling through Toll-Like Receptors Induces Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Reactivation In Vivo. J. Virol. 83: 1474-1482 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gray, K. S., Allen, R. D. III, Farrell, M. L., Forrest, J. C., Speck, S. H. (2009). Alternatively Initiated Gene 50/RTA Transcripts Expressed during Murine and Human Gammaherpesvirus Reactivation from Latency. J. Virol. 83: 314-328 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, H., Ikuta, K., Sixbey, J. W., Tibbetts, S. A. (2008). A Replication-Defective Gammaherpesvirus Efficiently Establishes Long-Term Latency in Macrophages but Not in B Cells In Vivo. J. Virol. 82: 8500-8508 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ling, P. D., Tan, J., Sewatanon, J., Peng, R. (2008). Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Open Reading Frame 75c Tegument Protein Induces the Degradation of PML and Is Essential for Production of Infectious Virus. J. Virol. 82: 8000-8012 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Forrest, J. C., Speck, S. H. (2008). Establishment of B-Cell Lines Latently Infected with Reactivation-Competent Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Provides Evidence for Viral Alteration of a DNA Damage-Signaling Cascade. J. Virol. 82: 7688-7699 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kayhan, B., Yager, E. J., Lanzer, K., Cookenham, T., Jia, Q., Wu, T.-T., Woodland, D. L., Sun, R., Blackman, M. A. (2007). A Replication-Deficient Murine {gamma}-Herpesvirus Blocked in Late Viral Gene Expression Can Establish Latency and Elicit Protective Cellular Immunity. J. Immunol. 179: 8392-8402 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Forrest, J. C., Paden, C. R., Allen, R. D. III, Collins, J., Speck, S. H. (2007). ORF73-Null Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Reveals Roles for mLANA and p53 in Virus Replication. J. Virol. 81: 11957-11971 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lee, S., Cho, H.-J., Park, J.-J., Kim, Y.-S., Hwang, S., Sun, R., Song, M. J. (2007). The ORF49 Protein of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Cooperates with RTA in Regulating Virus Replication. J. Virol. 81: 9870-9877 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wong, E., Wu, T.-T., Reyes, N., Deng, H., Sun, R. (2007). Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Open Reading Frame 24 Is Required for Late Gene Expression after DNA Replication. J. Virol. 81: 6761-6764 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hair, J. R., Lyons, P. A., Smith, K. G. C., Efstathiou, S. (2007). Control of Rta expression critically determines transcription of viral and cellular genes following gammaherpesvirus infection. J. Gen. Virol. 88: 1689-1697 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Arumugaswami, V., Wu, T.-T., Martinez-Guzman, D., Jia, Q., Deng, H., Reyes, N., Sun, R. (2006). ORF18 Is a Transfactor That Is Essential for Late Gene Transcription of a Gammaherpesvirus. J. Virol. 80: 9730-9740 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moser, J. M., Farrell, M. L., Krug, L. T., Upton, J. W., Speck, S. H. (2006). A Gammaherpesvirus 68 Gene 50 Null Mutant Establishes Long-Term Latency in the Lung but Fails To Vaccinate against a Wild-Type Virus Challenge. J. Virol. 80: 1592-1598 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rickabaugh, T. M., Brown, H. J., Wu, T.-T., Song, M. J., Hwang, S., Deng, H., Mitsouras, K., Sun, R. (2005). Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8 RTA Reactivates Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 from Latency. J. Virol. 79: 3217-3222 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jung Song, M., Hwang, S., Wong, W., Round, J., Martinez-Guzman, D., Turpaz, Y., Liang, J., Wong, B., Johnson, R. C., Carey, M., Sun, R. (2004). The DNA Architectural Protein HMGB1 Facilitates RTA-Mediated Viral Gene Expression in Gamma-2 Herpesviruses. J. Virol. 78: 12940-12950 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Simas, J. P., Marques, S., Bridgeman, A., Efstathiou, S., Adler, H. (2004). The M2 gene product of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 is required for efficient colonization of splenic follicles but is not necessary for expansion of latently infected germinal centre B cells. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 2789-2797 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rickabaugh, T. M., Brown, H. J., Martinez-Guzman, D., Wu, T.-T., Tong, L., Yu, F., Cole, S., Sun, R. (2004). Generation of a Latency-Deficient Gammaherpesvirus That Is Protective against Secondary Infection. J. Virol. 78: 9215-9223 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Townsley, A. C., Dutia, B. M., Nash, A. A. (2004). The M4 Gene of Murine Gammaherpesvirus Modulates Productive and Latent Infection In Vivo. J. Virol. 78: 758-767 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • May, J. S., Coleman, H. M., Smillie, B., Efstathiou, S., Stevenson, P. G. (2004). Forced lytic replication impairs host colonization by a latency-deficient mutant of murine gammaherpesvirus-68. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 137-146 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Coleman, H. M., Brierley, I., Stevenson, P. G. (2003). An Internal Ribosome Entry Site Directs Translation of the Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 MK3 Open Reading Frame. J. Virol. 77: 13093-13105 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Symensma, T. L., Martinez-Guzman, D., Jia, Q., Bortz, E., Wu, T.-T., Rudra-Ganguly, N., Cole, S., Herschman, H., Sun, R. (2003). COX-2 Induction during Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Infection Leads to Enhancement of Viral Gene Expression. J. Virol. 77: 12753-12763 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Martinez-Guzman, D., Rickabaugh, T., Wu, T.-T., Brown, H., Cole, S., Song, M. J., Tong, L., Sun, R. (2003). Transcription Program of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68. J. Virol. 77: 10488-10503 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brown, H. J., Song, M. J., Deng, H., Wu, T.-T., Cheng, G., Sun, R. (2003). NF-{kappa}B Inhibits Gammaherpesvirus Lytic Replication. J. Virol. 77: 8532-8540 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Marques, S., Efstathiou, S., Smith, K. G., Haury, M., Simas, J. P. (2003). Selective Gene Expression of Latent Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 in B Lymphocytes. J. Virol. 77: 7308-7318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pavlova, I. V., Virgin, H. W. IV, Speck, S. H. (2003). Disruption of Gammaherpesvirus 68 Gene 50 Demonstrates that Rta Is Essential for Virus Replication. J. Virol. 77: 5731-5739 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ebrahimi, B., Dutia, B. M., Roberts, K. L., Garcia-Ramirez, J. J., Dickinson, P., Stewart, J. P., Ghazal, P., Roy, D. J., Nash, A. A. (2003). Transcriptome profile of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 lytic infection. J. Gen. Virol. 84: 99-109 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Flano, E., Kim, I.-J., Woodland, D. L., Blackman, M. A. (2002). {gamma}-Herpesvirus Latency Is Preferentially Maintained in Splenic Germinal Center and Memory B Cells. JEM 196: 1363-1372 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ahn, J. W., Powell, K. L., Kellam, P., Alber, D. G. (2002). Gammaherpesvirus Lytic Gene Expression as Characterized by DNA Array. J. Virol. 76: 6244-6256 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jacoby, M. A., Virgin, H. W. IV, Speck, S. H. (2002). Disruption of the M2 Gene of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Alters Splenic Latency following Intranasal, but Not Intraperitoneal, Inoculation. J. Virol. 76: 1790-1801 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wu, T.-T., Tong, L., Rickabaugh, T., Speck, S., Sun, R. (2001). Function of Rta Is Essential for Lytic Replication of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68. J. Virol. 75: 9262-9273 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sakakibara, S., Ueda, K., Chen, J., Okuno, T., Yamanishi, K. (2001). Octamer-Binding Sequence Is a Key Element for the Autoregulation of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF50/Lyta Gene Expression. J. Virol. 75: 6894-6900 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rochford, R., Lutzke, M. L., Alfinito, R. S., Clavo, A., Cardin, R. D. (2001). Kinetics of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Gene Expression following Infection of Murine Cells in Culture and in Mice. J. Virol. 75: 4955-4963 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wakeling, M. N., Roy, D. J., Nash, A. A., Stewart, J. P. (2001). Characterization of the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 ORF74 product: a novel oncogenic G protein-coupled receptor. J. Gen. Virol. 82: 1187-1197 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goodwin, D. J., Walters, M. S., Smith, P. G., Thurau, M., Fickenscher, H., Whitehouse, A. (2001). Herpesvirus Saimiri Open Reading Frame 50 (Rta) Protein Reactivates the Lytic Replication Cycle in a Persistently Infected A549 Cell Line. J. Virol. 75: 4008-4013 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Song, M. J., Brown, H. J., Wu, T.-T., Sun, R. (2001). Transcription Activation of Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA by Rta in Human Herpesvirus 8/Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. J. Virol. 75: 3129-3140 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stevenson, P. G., Efstathiou, S., Doherty, P. C., Lehner, P. J. (2000). Inhibition of MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation by gamma 2-herpesviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.150240097v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stevenson, P. G., Efstathiou, S., Doherty, P. C., Lehner, P. J. (2000). Inhibition of MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation by gamma 2-herpesviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 8455-8460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»