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Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1578-1586, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Papio cynocephalus Endogenous Retrovirus among Old World Monkeys: Evidence for Coevolution and Ancient Cross-Species Transmissions

Rui Mang,1,* Jolanda Maas,1,2 Antoinette C. van der Kuyl,1,2 and Jaap Goudsmit1,2

Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,1 and Amsterdam Institute of Viral Genomics,2 Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Received 14 July 1999/Accepted 27 October 1999

To study the evolutionary history of Papio cynocephalus endogenous retrovirus (PcEV), we analyzed the distribution and genetic characteristics of PcEV among 17 different species of primates. The viral pol-env and long terminal repeat and untranslated region (LTR-UTR) sequences could be recovered from all Old World species of the papionin tribe, which includes baboons, macaques, geladas, and mangabeys, but not from the New World monkeys and hominoids we tested. The Old World genera Cercopithecus and Miopithecus hosted either a PcEV variant with an incomplete genome or a virus with substantial mismatches in the LTR-UTR. A complete PcEV was found in the genome of Colobus guereza---but not in Colobus badius---with a copy number of 44 to 61 per diploid genome, comparable to that seen in papionins, and with a sequence most closely related to a virus of the papionin tribe. Analysis of evolutionary distances among PcEV sequences for synonymous and nonsynonymous sites indicated that purifying selection was operational during PcEV evolution. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that possibly two subtypes of PcEV entered the germ line of a common ancestor of the papionins and subsequently coevolved with their hosts. One strain of PcEV was apparently transmitted from a papionin ancestor to an ancestor of the central African lowland C. guereza.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-20-5664522. Fax: 31-20-6916531. E-mail: r.mang{at}amc.uva.nl.

Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1578-1586, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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