This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Kuo, L.
Right arrow Articles by Rottier, P. J. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Kuo, L.
Right arrow Articles by Rottier, P. J. M.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1393-1406, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Retargeting of Coronavirus by Substitution of the Spike Glycoprotein Ectodomain: Crossing the Host Cell Species Barrier

Lili Kuo,1 Gert-Jan Godeke,2 Martin J. B. Raamsman,2 Paul S. Masters,1,* and Peter J. M. Rottier2

David Axelrod Institute, Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201,1 and Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands2

Received 8 July 1999/Accepted 25 October 1999

Coronaviruses generally have a narrow host range, infecting one or just a few species. Using targeted RNA recombination, we constructed a mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in which the ectodomain of the spike glycoprotein (S) was replaced with the highly divergent ectodomain of the S protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus. The resulting chimeric virus, designated fMHV, acquired the ability to infect feline cells and simultaneously lost the ability to infect murine cells in tissue culture. This reciprocal switch of species specificity strongly supports the notion that coronavirus host cell range is determined primarily at the level of interactions between the S protein and the virus receptor. The isolation of fMHV allowed the localization of the region responsible for S protein incorporation into virions to the carboxy-terminal 64 of the 1,324 residues of this protein. This establishes a basis for further definition of elements involved in virion assembly. In addition, fMHV is potentially the ideal recipient virus for carrying out reverse genetics of MHV by targeted RNA recombination, since it presents the possibility of selecting recombinants, no matter how defective, that have regained the ability to replicate in murine cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: David Axelrod Institute, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, New Scotland Ave., P.O. Box 22002, Albany, NY 12201-2002. Phone: (518) 474-1283. Fax: (518) 473-1326. E-mail: masters{at}wadsworth.org.

Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1393-1406, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Verheije, M. H., Lamfers, M. L. M., Wurdinger, T., Grinwis, G. C. M., Gerritsen, W. R., van Beusechem, V. W., Rottier, P. J. M. (2009). Coronavirus Genetically Redirected to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exhibits Effective Antitumor Activity against a Malignant Glioblastoma. J. Virol. 83: 7507-7516 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hurst, K. R., Koetzner, C. A., Masters, P. S. (2009). Identification of In Vivo-Interacting Domains of the Murine Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein. J. Virol. 83: 7221-7234 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Becker, M. M., Graham, R. L., Donaldson, E. F., Rockx, B., Sims, A. C., Sheahan, T., Pickles, R. J., Corti, D., Johnston, R. E., Baric, R. S., Denison, M. R. (2008). Synthetic recombinant bat SARS-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 19944-19949 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Butler, N. S., Theodossis, A., Webb, A. I., Dunstone, M. A., Nastovska, R., Ramarathinam, S. H., Rossjohn, J., Purcell, A. W., Perlman, S. (2008). Structural and Biological Basis of CTL Escape in Coronavirus-Infected Mice. J. Immunol. 180: 3926-3937 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ren, W., Qu, X., Li, W., Han, Z., Yu, M., Zhou, P., Zhang, S.-Y., Wang, L.-F., Deng, H., Shi, Z. (2008). Difference in Receptor Usage between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus and SARS-Like Coronavirus of Bat Origin. J. Virol. 82: 1899-1907 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zust, R., Miller, T. B., Goebel, S. J., Thiel, V., Masters, P. S. (2008). Genetic Interactions between an Essential 3' cis-Acting RNA Pseudoknot, Replicase Gene Products, and the Extreme 3' End of the Mouse Coronavirus Genome. J. Virol. 82: 1214-1228 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McRoy, W. C., Baric, R. S. (2008). Amino Acid Substitutions in the S2 Subunit of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Variant V51 Encode Determinants of Host Range Expansion. J. Virol. 82: 1414-1424 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Oostra, M., te Lintelo, E. G., Deijs, M., Verheije, M. H., Rottier, P. J. M., de Haan, C. A. M. (2007). Localization and Membrane Topology of Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 4: Involvement of the Early Secretory Pathway in Replication. J. Virol. 81: 12323-12336 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Netland, J., Ferraro, D., Pewe, L., Olivares, H., Gallagher, T., Perlman, S. (2007). Enhancement of Murine Coronavirus Replication by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Protein 6 Requires the N-Terminal Hydrophobic Region but Not C-Terminal Sorting Motifs. J. Virol. 81: 11520-11525 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dye, C., Temperton, N., Siddell, S. G. (2007). Type I feline coronavirus spike glycoprotein fails to recognize aminopeptidase N as a functional receptor on feline cell lines. J. Gen. Virol. 88: 1753-1760 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kuo, L., Hurst, K. R., Masters, P. S. (2007). Exceptional Flexibility in the Sequence Requirements for Coronavirus Small Envelope Protein Function. J. Virol. 81: 2249-2262 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goebel, S. J., Miller, T. B., Bennett, C. J., Bernard, K. A., Masters, P. S. (2007). A Hypervariable Region within the 3' cis-Acting Element of the Murine Coronavirus Genome Is Nonessential for RNA Synthesis but Affects Pathogenesis. J. Virol. 81: 1274-1287 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tusell, S. M., Schittone, S. A., Holmes, K. V. (2007). Mutational Analysis of Aminopeptidase N, a Receptor for Several Group 1 Coronaviruses, Identifies Key Determinants of Viral Host Range. J. Virol. 81: 1261-1273 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Navas-Martin, S., Brom, M., Chua, M.-M., Watson, R., Qiu, Z., Weiss, S. R. (2007). Replicase Genes of Murine Coronavirus Strains A59 and JHM Are Interchangeable: Differences in Pathogenesis Map to the 3' One-Third of the Genome. J. Virol. 81: 1022-1026 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Haan, C. A. M., te Lintelo, E., Li, Z., Raaben, M., Wurdinger, T., Bosch, B. J., Rottier, P. J. M. (2006). Cooperative Involvement of the S1 and S2 Subunits of the Murine Coronavirus Spike Protein in Receptor Binding and Extended Host Range. J. Virol. 80: 10909-10918 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gillim-Ross, L., Subbarao, K. (2006). Emerging Respiratory Viruses: Challenges and Vaccine Strategies. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19: 614-636 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Anghelina, D., Pewe, L., Perlman, S. (2006). Pathogenic Role for Virus-Specific CD4 T Cells in Mice with Coronavirus-Induced Acute Encephalitis. Am. J. Pathol. 169: 209-222 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, W., Wong, S.-K., Li, F., Kuhn, J. H., Huang, I-C., Choe, H., Farzan, M. (2006). Animal Origins of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: Insight from ACE2-S-Protein Interactions. J. Virol. 80: 4211-4219 [Full Text]  
  • Zhou, H., Perlman, S. (2006). Preferential Infection of Mature Dendritic Cells by Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain JHM. J. Virol. 80: 2506-2514 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Verheije, M. H., Wurdinger, T., van Beusechem, V. W., de Haan, C. A. M., Gerritsen, W. R., Rottier, P. J. M. (2006). Redirecting Coronavirus to a Nonnative Receptor through a Virus-Encoded Targeting Adapter. J. Virol. 80: 1250-1260 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lissenberg, A., Vrolijk, M. M., van Vliet, A. L. W., Langereis, M. A., de Groot-Mijnes, J. D. F., Rottier, P. J. M., de Groot, R. J. (2005). Luxury at a Cost? Recombinant Mouse Hepatitis Viruses Expressing the Accessory Hemagglutinin Esterase Protein Display Reduced Fitness In Vitro. J. Virol. 79: 15054-15063 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kazi, L., Lissenberg, A., Watson, R., de Groot, R. J., Weiss, S. R. (2005). Expression of Hemagglutinin Esterase Protein from Recombinant Mouse Hepatitis Virus Enhances Neurovirulence. J. Virol. 79: 15064-15073 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wurdinger, T., Verheije, M. H., Broen, K., Bosch, B. J., Haijema, B. J., de Haan, C. A. M., van Beusechem, V. W., Gerritsen, W. R., Rottier, P. J. M. (2005). Soluble Receptor-Mediated Targeting of Mouse Hepatitis Coronavirus to the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. J. Virol. 79: 15314-15322 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Weiss, S. R., Navas-Martin, S. (2005). Coronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 69: 635-664 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Johnson, R. F., Feng, M., Liu, P., Millership, J. J., Yount, B., Baric, R. S., Leibowitz, J. L. (2005). Effect of Mutations in the Mouse Hepatitis Virus 3'(+)42 Protein Binding Element on RNA Replication. J. Virol. 79: 14570-14585 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rottier, P. J. M., Nakamura, K., Schellen, P., Volders, H., Haijema, B. J. (2005). Acquisition of Macrophage Tropism during the Pathogenesis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Is Determined by Mutations in the Feline Coronavirus Spike Protein. J. Virol. 79: 14122-14130 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Haan, C. A. M., Li, Z., te Lintelo, E., Bosch, B. J., Haijema, B. J., Rottier, P. J. M. (2005). Murine Coronavirus with an Extended Host Range Uses Heparan Sulfate as an Entry Receptor. J. Virol. 79: 14451-14456 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hurst, K. R., Kuo, L., Koetzner, C. A., Ye, R., Hsue, B., Masters, P. S. (2005). A Major Determinant for Membrane Protein Interaction Localizes to the Carboxy-Terminal Domain of the Mouse Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein. J. Virol. 79: 13285-13297 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Haan, C. A. M., Haijema, B. J., Boss, D., Heuts, F. W. H., Rottier, P. J. M. (2005). Coronaviruses as Vectors: Stability of Foreign Gene Expression. J. Virol. 79: 12742-12751 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pewe, L., Zhou, H., Netland, J., Tangudu, C., Olivares, H., Shi, L., Look, D., Gallagher, T., Perlman, S. (2005). A Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus-Specific Protein Enhances Virulence of an Attenuated Murine Coronavirus. J. Virol. 79: 11335-11342 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Casais, R., Davies, M., Cavanagh, D., Britton, P. (2005). Gene 5 of the Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Is Not Essential for Replication. J. Virol. 79: 8065-8078 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Navas-Martin, S., Hingley, S. T., Weiss, S. R. (2005). Murine Coronavirus Evolution In Vivo: Functional Compensation of a Detrimental Amino Acid Substitution in the Receptor Binding Domain of the Spike Glycoprotein. J. Virol. 79: 7629-7640 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lassnig, C., Sanchez, C. M., Egerbacher, M., Walter, I., Majer, S., Kolbe, T., Pallares, P., Enjuanes, L., Muller, M. (2005). From The Cover: Development of a transgenic mouse model susceptible to human coronavirus 229E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 8275-8280 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kim, T. S., Perlman, S. (2005). Viral Expression of CCL2 Is Sufficient To Induce Demyelination in RAG1-/- Mice Infected with a Neurotropic Coronavirus. J. Virol. 79: 7113-7120 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hofmann, H., Pyrc, K., van der Hoek, L., Geier, M., Berkhout, B., Pohlmann, S. (2005). Human coronavirus NL63 employs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor for cellular entry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 7988-7993 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sperry, S. M., Kazi, L., Graham, R. L., Baric, R. S., Weiss, S. R., Denison, M. R. (2005). Single-Amino-Acid Substitutions in Open Reading Frame (ORF) 1b-nsp14 and ORF 2a Proteins of the Coronavirus Mouse Hepatitis Virus Are Attenuating in Mice. J. Virol. 79: 3391-3400 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mossel, E. C., Huang, C., Narayanan, K., Makino, S., Tesh, R. B., Peters, C. J. (2005). Exogenous ACE2 Expression Allows Refractory Cell Lines To Support Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication. J. Virol. 79: 3846-3850 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Coley, S. E., Lavi, E., Sawicki, S. G., Fu, L., Schelle, B., Karl, N., Siddell, S. G., Thiel, V. (2005). Recombinant Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59 from Cloned, Full-Length cDNA Replicates to High Titers In Vitro and Is Fully Pathogenic In Vivo. J. Virol. 79: 3097-3106 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ye, R., Montalto-Morrison, C., Masters, P. S. (2004). Genetic Analysis of Determinants for Spike Glycoprotein Assembly into Murine Coronavirus Virions: Distinct Roles for Charge-Rich and Cysteine-Rich Regions of the Endodomain. J. Virol. 78: 9904-9917 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Giroglou, T., Cinatl, J. Jr., Rabenau, H., Drosten, C., Schwalbe, H., Doerr, H. W., von Laer, D. (2004). Retroviral Vectors Pseudotyped with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus S Protein. J. Virol. 78: 9007-9015 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schickli, J. H., Thackray, L. B., Sawicki, S. G., Holmes, K. V. (2004). The N-Terminal Region of the Murine Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Is Associated with the Extended Host Range of Viruses from Persistently Infected Murine Cells. J. Virol. 78: 9073-9083 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fielding, B. C., Tan, Y.-J., Shuo, S., Tan, T. H. P., Ooi, E.-E., Lim, S. G., Hong, W., Goh, P.-Y. (2004). Characterization of a Unique Group-Specific Protein (U122) of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. J. Virol. 78: 7311-7318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bosch, B. J., de Haan, C. A. M., Rottier, P. J. M. (2004). Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein, Extended at the Carboxy Terminus with Green Fluorescent Protein, Is Assembly Competent. J. Virol. 78: 7369-7378 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wang, Z., Ren, L., Zhao, X., Hung, T., Meng, A., Wang, J., Chen, Y.-G. (2004). Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by Small Interfering RNAs in Mammalian Cells. J. Virol. 78: 7523-7527 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goebel, S. J., Taylor, J., Masters, P. S. (2004). The 3' cis-Acting Genomic Replication Element of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Can Function in the Murine Coronavirus Genome. J. Virol. 78: 7846-7851 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hofmann, H., Hattermann, K., Marzi, A., Gramberg, T., Geier, M., Krumbiegel, M., Kuate, S., Uberla, K., Niedrig, M., Pohlmann, S. (2004). S Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus Mediates Entry into Hepatoma Cell Lines and Is Targeted by Neutralizing Antibodies in Infected Patients. J. Virol. 78: 6134-6142 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bosch, B. J., Martina, B. E. E., van der Zee, R., Lepault, J., Haijema, B. J., Versluis, C., Heck, A. J. R., de Groot, R., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Rottier, P. J. M. (2004). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection inhibition using spike protein heptad repeat-derived peptides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 8455-8460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Haijema, B. J., Volders, H., Rottier, P. J. M. (2004). Live, Attenuated Coronavirus Vaccines through the Directed Deletion of Group-Specific Genes Provide Protection against Feline Infectious Peritonitis. J. Virol. 78: 3863-3871 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lu, L., Manopo, I., Leung, B. P., Chng, H. H., Ling, A. E., Chee, L. L., Ooi, E. E., Chan, S.-W., Kwang, J. (2004). Immunological Characterization of the Spike Protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 1570-1576 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chua, M. M., MacNamara, K. C., San Mateo, L., Shen, H., Weiss, S. R. (2004). Effects of an Epitope-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Response on Murine Coronavirus Central Nervous System Disease: Protection from Virus Replication and Antigen Spread and Selection of Epitope Escape Mutants. J. Virol. 78: 1150-1159 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Trifilo, M. J., Montalto-Morrison, C., Stiles, L. N., Hurst, K. R., Hardison, J. L., Manning, J. E., Masters, P. S., Lane, T. E. (2004). CXC Chemokine Ligand 10 Controls Viral Infection in the Central Nervous System: Evidence for a Role in Innate Immune Response through Recruitment and Activation of Natural Killer Cells. J. Virol. 78: 585-594 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goebel, S. J., Hsue, B., Dombrowski, T. F., Masters, P. S. (2004). Characterization of the RNA Components of a Putative Molecular Switch in the 3' Untranslated Region of the Murine Coronavirus Genome. J. Virol. 78: 669-682 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Haan, C. A. M., van Genne, L., Stoop, J. N., Volders, H., Rottier, P. J. M. (2003). Coronaviruses as Vectors: Position Dependence of Foreign Gene Expression. J. Virol. 77: 11312-11323 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ontiveros, E., Kim, T. S., Gallagher, T. M., Perlman, S. (2003). Enhanced Virulence Mediated by the Murine Coronavirus, Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain JHM, Is Associated with a Glycine at Residue 310 of the Spike Glycoprotein. J. Virol. 77: 10260-10269 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bosch, B. J., van der Zee, R., de Haan, C. A. M., Rottier, P. J. M. (2003). The Coronavirus Spike Protein Is a Class I Virus Fusion Protein: Structural and Functional Characterization of the Fusion Core Complex. J. Virol. 77: 8801-8811 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Casais, R., Dove, B., Cavanagh, D., Britton, P. (2003). Recombinant Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Expressing a Heterologous Spike Gene Demonstrates that the Spike Protein Is a Determinant of Cell Tropism. J. Virol. 77: 9084-9089 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kim, T. S., Perlman, S. (2003). Protection Against CTL Escape and Clinical Disease in a Murine Model of Virus Persistence. J. Immunol. 171: 2006-2013 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kuo, L., Masters, P. S. (2003). The Small Envelope Protein E Is Not Essential for Murine Coronavirus Replication. J. Virol. 77: 4597-4608 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Navas, S., Weiss, S. R. (2003). Murine Coronavirus-Induced Hepatitis: JHM Genetic Background Eliminates A59 Spike-Determined Hepatotropism. J. Virol. 77: 4972-4978 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zelus, B. D., Schickli, J. H., Blau, D. M., Weiss, S. R., Holmes, K. V. (2002). Conformational Changes in the Spike Glycoprotein of Murine Coronavirus Are Induced at 37{degrees}C either by Soluble Murine CEACAM1 Receptors or by pH 8. J. Virol. 77: 830-840 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tsai, J. C., Zelus, B. D., Holmes, K. V., Weiss, S. R. (2002). The N-Terminal Domain of the Murine Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Determines the CEACAM1 Receptor Specificity of the Virus Strain. J. Virol. 77: 841-850 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Haan, C. A. M., Volders, H., Koetzner, C. A., Masters, P. S., Rottier, P. J. M. (2002). Coronaviruses Maintain Viability despite Dramatic Rearrangements of the Strictly Conserved Genome Organization. J. Virol. 76: 12491-12502 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yount, B., Denison, M. R., Weiss, S. R., Baric, R. S. (2002). Systematic Assembly of a Full-Length Infectious cDNA of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59. J. Virol. 76: 11065-11078 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lewicki, D. N., Gallagher, T. M. (2002). Quaternary Structure of Coronavirus Spikes in Complex with Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule Cellular Receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 19727-19734 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kuo, L., Masters, P. S. (2002). Genetic Evidence for a Structural Interaction between the Carboxy Termini of the Membrane and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Mouse Hepatitis Virus. J. Virol. 76: 4987-4999 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Spiropoulou, C. F., Kunz, S., Rollin, P. E., Campbell, K. P., Oldstone, M. B. A. (2002). New World Arenavirus Clade C, but Not Clade A and B Viruses, Utilizes {alpha}-Dystroglycan as Its Major Receptor. J. Virol. 76: 5140-5146 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Alonso, S., Sola, I., Teifke, J. P., Reimann, I., Izeta, A., Balasch, M., Plana-Duran, J., Moormann, R. J. M., Enjuanes, L. (2002). In vitro and in vivo expression of foreign genes by transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus-derived minigenomes. J. Gen. Virol. 83: 567-579 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Curtis, K. M., Yount, B., Baric, R. S. (2002). Heterologous Gene Expression from Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Replicon Particles. J. Virol. 76: 1422-1434 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Thiel, V., Herold, J., Schelle, B., Siddell, S. G. (2001). Viral Replicase Gene Products Suffice for Coronavirus Discontinuous Transcription. J. Virol. 75: 6676-6681 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Thiel, V., Herold, J., Schelle, B., Siddell, S. G. (2001). Infectious RNA transcribed in vitro from a cDNA copy of the human coronavirus genome cloned in vaccinia virus. J. Gen. Virol. 82: 1273-1281 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Woolhouse, M. E. J., Taylor, L. H., Haydon, D. T. (2001). Population Biology of Multihost Pathogens. Science 292: 1109-1112 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Navas, S., Seo, S.-H., Chua, M. M., Sarma, J. D., Lavi, E., Hingley, S. T., Weiss, S. R. (2001). Murine Coronavirus Spike Protein Determines the Ability of the Virus To Replicate in the Liver and Cause Hepatitis. J. Virol. 75: 2452-2457 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Evans, S., Cavanagh, D., Britton, P. (2000). Utilizing fowlpox virus recombinants to generate defective RNAs of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. J. Gen. Virol. 81: 2855-2865 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yount, B., Curtis, K. M., Baric, R. S. (2000). Strategy for Systematic Assembly of Large RNA and DNA Genomes: Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Model. J. Virol. 74: 10600-10611 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Das Sarma, J., Fu, L., Tsai, J. C., Weiss, S. R., Lavi, E. (2000). Demyelination Determinants Map to the Spike Glycoprotein Gene of Coronavirus Mouse Hepatitis Virus. J. Virol. 74: 9206-9213 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hsue, B., Hartshorne, T., Masters, P. S. (2000). Characterization of an Essential RNA Secondary Structure in the 3' Untranslated Region of the Murine Coronavirus Genome. J. Virol. 74: 6911-6921 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schneider-Schaulies, J. (2000). Cellular receptors for viruses: links to tropism and pathogenesis. J. Gen. Virol. 81: 1413-1429 [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»