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Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1355-1363, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL34 Protein Interacts with a Cytoplasmic Dynein Intermediate Chain and Targets Nuclear Membrane

Guo-Jie Ye,1 Kevin T. Vaughan,2 Richard B. Vallee,2 and Bernard Roizman1,*

The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637,1 and The University of Massachusetts Medical School, IV Biotech, Worcester, Massachusetts 016052

Received 16 September 1999/Accepted 4 November 1999

To express the function encoded in its genome, the herpes simplex virus 1 capsid-tegument structure released by deenvelopment during entry into cells must be transported retrograde to the nuclear pore where viral DNA is released into the nucleus. This path is essential in the case of virus entering axons of dorsal root ganglia. The objective of the study was to identify the viral proteins that may be involved in the transport. We report the following findings. (i) The neuronal isoform of the intermediate chain (IC-1a) of the dynein complex pulled down, from lysates of [35S]methionine-labeled infected cells, two viral proteins identified as the products of UL34 and UL31 open reading frames, respectively. UL34 protein is a virion protein associated with cellular membranes and phosphorylated by the viral kinase US3. UL31 protein is a largely insoluble, evenly dispersed nuclear phosphoprotein required for optimal processing and packaging of viral DNA into preformed capsids. Reciprocal pulldown experiments verified the interaction of IC-1a and UL34 protein. In similar experiments, UL34 protein was found to interact with UL31 protein and the major capsid protein ICP5. (ii) To determine whether UL34 protein is transported to the nuclear membrane, a requirement if it is involved in transport, the UL34 protein was inserted into a baculovirus vector under the cytomegalovirus major early promoter. Cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus expressed UL34 protein in a dose-dependent manner, and the UL34 protein localized primarily in the nuclear membrane. An unexpected finding was that UL34-expressing cells showed a dissociation of the inner and outer nuclear membranes reminiscent of the morphologic changes seen in cells productively infected with herpes simplex virus 1. UL34, like many other viral proteins, may have multiple functions expressed both early and late in infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, The University of Chicago, 910 E. 58th St., Chicago, IL 60637. Phone: (773) 702-1898. Fax: (773) 702-1631. E-mail: bernard{at}cummings.uchicago.edu.

Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1355-1363, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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