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Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1296-1306, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Avian Endogenous Retrovirus EAV-HP Shares Regions of Identity with Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J and the Avian Retrotransposon ART-CH

M. A. Sacco, D. M. J. Flannery, K. Howes, and K. Venugopal*

Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, United Kingdom

Received 27 May 1999/Accepted 10 October 1999

The existence of novel endogenous retrovirus elements in the chicken genome, designated EAV-HP, with close sequence identity to the env gene of avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J has been reported (L. M. Smith, A. A. Toye, K. Howes, N. Bumstead, L. N. Payne, and K. Venugopal, J. Gen. Virol. 80:261-268, 1999). To resolve the genome structure of these retroviral elements, we have determined the complete sequence of two proviral clones of EAV-HP from a line N chicken genomic DNA yeast artificial chromosome library and from a meat-type chicken line 21 lambda library. The EAV-HP sequences from the two lines were 98% identical and had a typical provirus structure. The two EAV-HP clones showed identical large deletions spanning part of the gag, the entire pol, and part of the env genes. The env region of the EAV-HP clones was 97% identical to the env sequence of HPRS-103, the prototype subgroup J ALV. The 5' region of EAV-HP comprising the R and U5 regions of the long terminal repeat (LTR), the untranslated leader, and the 5' end of the putative gag region were 97% identical to the avian retrotransposon sequence, ART-CH. The remaining gag sequence shared less than 60% identity with other ALV sequences. The U3 region of the LTR was distinct from those of other retroviruses but contained some of the conserved motifs required for functioning as a promoter. To examine the ability of this endogenous retroviral LTR to function as a transcriptional promoter, the EAV-HP and HPRS-103 LTR U3 regions were compared in a luciferase reporter gene assay. The low luciferase activity detected with the EAV-HP LTR U3 constructs, at levels close to those observed for a control vector lacking the promoter or enhancer elements, suggested that these elements function as a weak promoter, possibly accounting for their low expression levels in chicken embryos.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 (0) 1635-578411. Fax: 44 (0) 1635-577237. E-mail: venu.gopal{at}bbsrc.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1296-1306, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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