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Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1234-1240, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

High Rate of Recombination throughout the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome

Amanda E. Jetzt,1,2 Hong Yu,1,dagger George J. Klarmann,3 Yacov Ron,1 Bradley D. Preston,3 and Joseph P. Dougherty1,*

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 088541; Graduate Program in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 089032; and Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 841123

Received 9 August 1999/Accepted 27 October 1999

The diploid nature of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) indicates that recombination serves a central function in virus replication and evolution. Previously, while examining the nature of obligatory primer strand transfers during reverse transcription, a high rate of recombination was observed at the ends of the viral genome within the viral long terminal repeats, prompting the following question: does recombination occur at a high rate throughout the genome? To address this question, two vectors based upon different strains of HIV-1 were utilized. The vectors were comprised predominantly of autologous HIV-1 sequence and were approximately the same size as the parental genome. The proviral progeny of heterodimeric virions were analyzed after a single cycle of replication, and the sequence heterogeneity between the two strains allowed direct examination of recombination crossovers. The results obtained indicate that HIV-1 undergoes approximately two to three recombination events per genome per replication cycle. These results imply that both HIV-1 RNAs are typically utilized during reverse transcription and that recombination is an important aspect of HIV-1 replication.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, 675 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854. Phone: (732) 235-4588. Fax: (732) 235-5223. E-mail: doughejp{at}umdnj.edu.

dagger Present address: Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.

Journal of Virology, February 2000, p. 1234-1240, Vol. 74, No. 3
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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