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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11825-11831, Vol. 74, No. 24
Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka-shi
422-8526,1 Department of Veterinary
Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori
680-8553,2 Department of Applied
Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu
501-1193,4 and Institute of Medical
Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo
108-8639,6 Japan; Department of
Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of
Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 405463; and
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,
Wisconsin 537065
Received 3 May 2000/Accepted 14 September 2000
The distribution of sialic acid (SA) species varies among animal
species, but the biological role of this variation is largely unknown.
Influenza viruses differ in their ability to recognize SA-galactose
(Gal) linkages, depending on the animal hosts from which they are
isolated. For example, human viruses preferentially recognize SA linked
to Gal by the
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Sialic Acid Species as a Determinant of the Host
Range of Influenza A Viruses
2,6(SA
2,6Gal) linkage, while equine viruses favor
SA
2,3Gal. However, whether a difference in relative abundance of
specific SA species (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NeuAc] and
N-glycolylneuraminic acid [NeuGc]) among different animals affects the replicative potential of influenza viruses is
uncertain. We therefore examined the requirement for the hemagglutinin (HA) for support of viral replication in horses, using viruses whose
HAs differ in receptor specificity. A virus with an HA recognizing NeuAc
2,6Gal but not NeuAc
2,3Gal or NeuGc
2,3Gal failed to
replicate in horses, while one with an HA recognizing the
NeuGc
2,3Gal moiety replicated in horses. Furthermore, biochemical
and immunohistochemical analyses and a lectin-binding assay
demonstrated the abundance of the NeuGc
2,3Gal moiety in epithelial
cells of horse trachea, indicating that recognition of this moiety is
critical for viral replication in horses. Thus, these results provide
evidence of a biological effect of different SA species in different animals.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706. Phone: (608) 265-4925. Fax: (608) 265-5622. E-mail:
kawaokay{at}svm.vetmed.wisc.edu.
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