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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11800-11810, Vol. 74, No. 24
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Lytic but Not Latent Replication of Epstein-Barr
Virus Is Associated with PML and Induces Sequential Release of
Nuclear Domain 10 Proteins
Peter
Bell,
Paul M.
Lieberman, and
Gerd G.
Maul*
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104
Received 13 June 2000/Accepted 20 September 2000
Nuclear domains called ND10 (nuclear domain 10) are discrete
nuclear protein aggregations characterized by a set of
interferon-upregulated proteins including Sp100 and PML, where papova-,
adeno-, and herpesviruses begin their transcription and DNA
replication. Both the alpha- and betaherpesvirus subfamilies disrupt
ND10 upon infection by dispersing and/or destroying ND10-associated
proteins. We studied the effect of the gammaherpesvirus Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV) on ND10 and its spatial distribution in the nucleus of
cells during latency and lytic reactivation. In latently infected
Burkitt's lymphoma, lymphoblastoid, and D98/HR1 cells, ND10 were
intact, as judged by immunofluorescence localization of PML, Sp100,
NDP55, and Daxx. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed no
association between viral episomes and ND10 during latency, implying
that the maintenance replication of EBV, which depends on host cell proliferation, occurs independent of ND10. As in mitosis, the EBV
genomes were attached to interphase chromosomes, suggesting that they
are unable to move freely within the interchromosomal space and thus
unable to associate with the interchromosomally located ND10 or other
nuclear domains. Upon lytic activation, ND10 became dispersed in cells
expressing lytic proteins. Redistribution of ND10 proteins occurred
sequentially at different stages of the lytic cycle, with Sp100, Daxx,
and NDP55 dispersed before and PML dispersed after the onset of lytic
replication. ND10 remnants were retained until the early stages of
lytic replication, and replicating EBV genomes were frequently found
beside this nuclear domain; the number of replication domains was
usually lower than the average latent virus frequency. Thus, latency
does not require or induce interaction of EBV with ND10 for
transcription and replication, whereas lytic replication triggers
dispersion of ND10 proteins and occurs in close association with PML
aggregates. The required movement of chromosome-attached latent EBV
episomes to ND10 after reactivation from latency might include physical
release of the chromosome-bound episomes. Only episomes contacting ND10
after such a release might be able to begin lytic replication.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Wistar
Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215)
898-3817. Fax: (215) 898-3868. E-mail:
maul{at}wistar.upenn.edu.
Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11800-11810, Vol. 74, No. 24
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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