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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11744-11753, Vol. 74, No. 24
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0

Wide Range of Viral Load in Healthy African Green Monkeys Naturally Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Simoy Goldstein,1 Ilnour Ourmanov,1 Charles R. Brown,1 Brigitte E. Beer,1 William R. Elkins,2 Ronald Plishka,1 Alicia Buckler-White,1 and Vanessa M. Hirsch1,*

Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology1 and Laboratory of Infectious Disease,2 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852

Received 3 March 1999/Accepted 21 September 2000

The distribution and levels of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in tissues and plasma were assessed in naturally infected African green monkeys (AGM) of the vervet subspecies (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) by limiting-dilution coculture, quantitative PCR for viral DNA and RNA, and in situ hybridization for SIV expression in tissues. A wide range of SIV RNA levels in plasma was observed among these animals (<1,000 to 800,000 copies per ml), and the levels appeared to be stable over long periods of time. The relative numbers of SIV-expressing cells in tissues of two monkeys correlated with the extent of plasma viremia. SIV expression was observed in lymphoid tissues and was not associated with immunopathology. Virus-expressing cells were observed in the lamina propria and lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as within alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue of one AGM. The range of plasma viremia in naturally infected AGM was greater than that reported in naturally infected sooty mangabeys. However, the degree of viremia in some AGM was similar to that observed during progression to AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Therefore, containment of viremia is an unlikely explanation for the lack of pathogenicity of SIVagm in its natural host species, AGM.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: NIAID Twinbrook Facility, 12441 Parklawn Dr., Rockville, MD 20852. Phone: (301) 496-2976. Fax: (301) 480-2618. E-mail: vhirsch{at}nih.gov.

Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11744-11753, Vol. 74, No. 24
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0


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