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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11654-11662, Vol. 74, No. 24
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Vaccinia Virus F12L Protein Is Required for Actin Tail Formation, Normal Plaque Size, and Virulence

Wei-Hong Zhang,dagger Diane Wilcock,Dagger and Geoffrey L. Smith*

Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom

Received 15 June 2000/Accepted 20 September 2000

Vaccinia virus gene F12L is shown to encode a 65-kDa protein that is synthesized early and late during infection and that is not modified by glycosylation. Computational sequence comparison revealed that related proteins are encoded by all sequenced chordopoxviruses. A virus deletion mutant lacking the F12L gene (vDelta F12L) and a revertant virus with the F12L gene reinserted into the deletion mutant (vF12L-rev) were constructed and analyzed. A version of the F12L gene with a C-terminal amino acid tag derived from the influenza virus hemagglutinin and that is recognized by a monoclonal antibody was also inserted into the F12L locus of vDelta F12L. Loss of the F12L protein reduced the formation of IMV 2-fold, but there was a dramatic (99.5%) reduction in actin tail formation, and the levels of cell-associated enveloped virus and extracellular enveloped virus were reduced 8- to 11-fold and 7-fold, respectively. Consistent with the lack of actin tail formation, vDelta F12L produced a very small plaque. The vDelta F12L virus was severely attenuated in vivo, such that a dose of vDelta F12L 10,000-fold greater than the dose of wild-type virus that induced severe disease was unable to induce disease in mice infected intranasally.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-207-594-3972. Fax: 44-207-594-3973. E-mail: glsmith{at}ic.ac.uk.

dagger Present address: Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.

Dagger Present address: Cambridge Antibody Technology Ltd., The Science Park, Melbourn, Royston, Cambridgeshire SG8 6JJ, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11654-11662, Vol. 74, No. 24
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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