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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11153-11161, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Molecular Evolution of a Type 1 Wild-Vaccine Poliovirus Recombinant during Widespread Circulation in China

Hong-Mei Liu,1,2,* Du-Ping Zheng,1,dagger Li-Bi Zhang,3 M. Steven Oberste,1 Mark A. Pallansch,1 and Olen M. Kew1

Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333,1 and National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing 100024,2 and National Poliovirus Reference Center, Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100052,3 People's Republic of China

Received 24 July 2000/Accepted 13 September 2000

Type 1 wild-vaccine recombinant polioviruses were isolated from poliomyelitis patients in China from 1991 to 1993. We compared the sequences of 34 recombinant isolates over the 1,353-nucleotide (nt) genomic interval (nt 2480 to 3832) encoding the major capsid protein, VP1, and the protease, 2A. All recombinants had a 367-nt block of sequence (nt 3271 to 3637) derived from the Sabin 1 oral poliovirus vaccine strain spanning the 3'-terminal sequences of VP1 (115 nt) and the 5' half of 2A (252 nt). The remaining VP1 sequences were closely (up to 99.5%) related to those of a major genotype of wild type 1 poliovirus endemic to China up to 1994. In contrast, the non-vaccine-derived sequences at the 3' half of 2A were more distantly related (<90% nucleotide sequence match) to those of other contemporary wild polioviruses from China. The vaccine-derived sequences of the earliest (April 1991) isolates completely matched those of Sabin 1. Later isolates diverged from the early isolates primarily by accumulation of synonymous base substitutions (at a rate of ~3.7 × 10-2 substitutions per synonymous site per year) over the entire VP1-2A interval. Distinct evolutionary lineages were found in different Chinese provinces. From the combined epidemiologic and evolutionary analyses, we propose that the recombinant virus arose during mixed infection of a single individual in northern China in early 1991 and that its progeny spread by multiple independent chains of transmission into some of the most populous areas of China within a year of the initiating infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Respiratory and Enterovirus Branch, G-17, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: (404) 639-2762. Fax: (404) 639-4011. E-mail: hdl1{at}cdc.gov.

dagger Present address: Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303.

Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11153-11161, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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