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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11055-11066, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role of Vif in Stability of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core

Åsa Öhagen1,2 and Dana Gabuzda1,3,*

Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,1 and Departments of Pathology2 and Neurology,3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Received 12 June 2000/Accepted 28 August 2000

The Vif protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is important for virion infectivity. Previous studies have shown that vif-defective virions exhibit structural abnormalities in the virus core and are defective in the ability to complete proviral DNA synthesis in acutely infected cells. We developed novel assays to assess the relative stability of the core in HIV-1 virions. Using these assays, we examined the role of Vif in the stability of the HIV-1 core. The integrity of the core was examined following virion permeabilization or removal of the lipid envelope and treatment with various triggers, including S100 cytosol, deoxynucleoside triphosphates, detergents, NaCl, and buffers of different pH to mimic aspects of the uncoating and disassembly process which occurs after virus entry but preceding or during reverse transcription. vif mutant cores were more sensitive to disruption by all triggers tested than wild-type cores, as determined by endogenous reverse transcriptase (RT) assays, biochemical analyses, and electron microscopy. RT and the p7 nucleocapsid protein were released more readily from vif mutant virions than from wild-type virions, suggesting that the internal nucleocapsid is less stably packaged in the absence of Vif. Purified cores could be isolated from wild-type but not vif mutant virions by sedimentation through detergent-treated gradients. These results demonstrate that Vif increases the stability of virion cores. This may permit efficient viral DNA synthesis by preventing premature degradation or disassembly of viral nucleoprotein complexes during early events after virus entry.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, JF816, 44 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 632-2154. Fax: (617) 632-3113. E-mail: dana_gabuzda{at}dfci.harvard.edu.

Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 11055-11066, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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