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Journal of Virology, November 2000, p. 10790-10795, Vol. 74, No. 22
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Separable Mechanisms of Attachment and Cell Uptake during Retrovirus Infection

Sanjai Sharma,dagger Atsushi Miyanohara, and Theodore Friedmann*

Center for Molecular Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California

Received 15 May 2000/Accepted 19 August 2000

In the absence of viral envelope gene expression, cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag and pol, accessory HIV functions, and a vector genome RNA produce and secrete large amount of noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) into the conditioned medium. After partial purification, such HIV-1 VLPs can be made infectious in cell-free conditions in vitro by complex formation with lipofection reagents or with the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G). The resulting in vitro-modified HIV-1 particles are able to infect nondividing cells. Infectivity of envelope-free HIV VLPs can also be induced by prior modification of target cells through exposure to partially purified VSV-G vesicles. Similarly, infection can be carried out by attachment of envelope-free noninfectious VLPs to unmodified cells followed by subsequent treatment of cells with VSV-G. We interpret these findings to indicate that interaction between a viral envelope and a cell surface receptor is not necessary for the initial virus binding to the cells but is required for subsequent cell entry and infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Molecular Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0634. Phone: (619) 534-4268. Fax: (619) 534-1422. E-mail: tfriedmann{at}ucsd.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Medicine, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033.

Journal of Virology, November 2000, p. 10790-10795, Vol. 74, No. 22
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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