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Journal of Virology, November 2000, p. 10535-10550, Vol. 74, No. 22
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Intracellular Localization of Vaccinia Virus Extracellular Enveloped Virus Envelope Proteins Individually Expressed Using a Semliki Forest Virus Replicon†

María M. Lorenzo,1 Inmaculada Galindo,1 Gareth Griffiths,2 and Rafael Blasco1,*

Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología---I.N.I.A., E-28040 Madrid, Spain,1 and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology Programme, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany2

Received 30 May 2000/Accepted 15 August 2000

The extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) form of vaccinia virus is bound by an envelope which is acquired by wrapping of intracellular virus particles with cytoplasmic vesicles containing trans-Golgi network markers. Six virus-encoded proteins have been reported as components of the EEV envelope. Of these, four proteins (A33R, A34R, A56R, and B5R) are glycoproteins, one (A36R) is a nonglycosylated transmembrane protein, and one (F13L) is a palmitylated peripheral membrane protein. During infection, these proteins localize to the Golgi complex, where they are incorporated into infectious virus that is then transported and released into the extracellular medium. We have investigated the fates of these proteins after expressing them individually in the absence of vaccinia infection, using a Semliki Forest virus expression system. Significant amounts of proteins A33R and A56R efficiently reached the cell surface, suggesting that they do not contain retention signals for intracellular compartments. In contrast, proteins A34R and F13L were retained intracellularly but showed distributions different from that of the normal infection. Protein A36R was partially retained intracellularly, decorating both the Golgi complex and structures associated with actin fibers. A36R was also transported to the plasma membrane, where it accumulated at the tips of cell projections. Protein B5R was efficiently targeted to the Golgi region. A green fluorescent protein fusion with the last 42 C-terminal amino acids of B5R was sufficient to target the chimeric protein to the Golgi region. However, B5R-deficient vaccinia virus showed a normal localization pattern for other EEV envelope proteins. These results point to the transmembrane or cytosolic domain of B5R protein as one, but not the only, determinant of the retention of EEV proteins in the wrapping compartment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dpt. Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, I.N.I.A., Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34-91-347 39 13. Fax: 34-91-357 22 93. E-mail: blasco{at}inia.es.

dagger Dedicated to the memory of Spanish virologist Eladio Viñuela.

Journal of Virology, November 2000, p. 10535-10550, Vol. 74, No. 22
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 2000 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.