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Journal of Virology, November 2000, p. 10447-10457, Vol. 74, No. 22
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Immunization of Cats against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) Infection by Using Minimalistic Immunogenic Defined Gene Expression Vector Vaccines Expressing FIV gp140 Alone or with Feline Interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-16, or a CpG Motif

Christian M. Leutenegger,1,2,* Felicitas S. Boretti,1 Caroline N. Mislin,1 J. Norman Flynn,3 Matthias Schroff,4 Andre Habel,5 Claas Junghans,4 Sven A. Koenig-Merediz,4 Brigitte Sigrist,1 Andre Aubert,6 Niels C. Pedersen,2 Burghardt Wittig,4,7 and Hans Lutz1

Clinical Laboratory, Department of Internal Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland1; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 956162; Retrovirus Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom3; Mologen GmbH4 and Institute of Molecular Biology, Benjamin Franklin University Hospital, Freie Universität Berlin,7 14195 Berlin, Germany; and Unité de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris,5 and Virbac Laboratories Inc., 06516 Carros,6 France

Received 11 January 2000/Accepted 19 August 2000

Four groups of cats, each containing four animals, were immunized at 0, 3, and 6 weeks with minimalistic immunogenic defined gene expression vector (MIDGE) vaccines containing the gene(s) for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) gp140, FIV gp140 and feline interleukin-12 (IL-12), FIV gp140 and feline IL-16, or FIV gp140 and a CpG motif. MIDGEs were coated onto gold beads and injected intradermally with a gene gun. A fifth group of four cats were immunized in an identical manner but with blank gold beads. All cats were challenge exposed to virulent FIV 4 weeks following the final immunization, and the course of infection was monitored. The two groups of cats immunized with the FIV gp140 gene alone or with blank gold particles became highly viremic and seroconverted as early as 4 weeks after infection. In contrast, three of four cats immunized with FIV gp140 in combination with feline IL-12 failed to become viremic or seropositive, as has been shown elsewhere (F. S. Boretti, C. M. Leutenegger, C. Mislin, et al., AIDS 14:1749-1757, 2000). Here we show the effect of IL-12 when used as an adjuvant on the viral RNA and DNA load and on the cytokine profile. In addition, the two groups of cats immunized either with gp140 and IL-16 or with gp140 and the CpG had greatly reduced viremia. Protection correlated weakly with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and increased cytokine transcription of IL-12, gamma interferon, and IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the postchallenge period. This study extends the data on IL-12 and provides new results on CpG motifs and IL-16 used as adjuvants in the FIV cat model.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. Phone: (530) 752-7991. Fax: (530) 752-0414. E-mail: cmleutenegger{at}ucdavis.edu.

Journal of Virology, November 2000, p. 10447-10457, Vol. 74, No. 22
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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