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Journal of Virology, November 2000, p. 10063-10073, Vol. 74, No. 21
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Primary Envelopment of Pseudorabies Virus at the Nuclear Membrane Requires the UL34 Gene Product

Barbara G. Klupp,1 Harald Granzow,2 and Thomas C. Mettenleiter1,*

Institutes of Molecular Biology1 and Infectology,2 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institutes, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, D-17498 Insel Riems, Germany

Received 24 May 2000/Accepted 26 July 2000

Primary envelopment of several herpesviruses has been shown to occur by budding of intranuclear capsids through the inner nuclear membrane. By subsequent fusion of the primary envelope with the outer nuclear membrane, capsids are released into the cytoplasm and gain their final envelope by budding into vesicles in the trans-Golgi area. We show here that the product of the UL34 gene of pseudorabies virus, an alphaherpesvirus of swine, is localized in transfected and infected cells in the nuclear membrane. It is also detected in the envelope of virions in the perinuclear space but is undetectable in intracytoplasmic and extracellular enveloped virus particles. Conversely, the tegument protein UL49 is present in mature virus particles and absent from perinuclear virions. In the absence of the UL34 protein, acquisition of the primary envelope is blocked and neither virus particles in the perinuclear space nor intracytoplasmic capsids or virions are observed. However, light particles which label with the anti-UL49 serum are formed in the cytoplasm. We conclude that the UL34 protein is required for primary envelopment, that the primary envelope is biochemically different from the final envelope in that it contains the UL34 protein, and that perinuclear virions lack the tegument protein UL49, which is present in mature virions. Thus, we provide additional evidence for a two-step envelopment process in herpesviruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, D-17498 Insel Riems, Germany. Phone: 49-38351-7250. Fax: 49-38351-7151. E-mail: mettenleiter{at}rie.bfav.de.

Journal of Virology, November 2000, p. 10063-10073, Vol. 74, No. 21
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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