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Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 9771-9775, Vol. 74, No. 20
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0

Efficacy of Postexposure Prophylaxis after Intravaginal Exposure of Pig-Tailed Macaques to a Human-Derived Retrovirus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2)

Ron A. Otten,1,* Dawn K. Smith,2 Debra R. Adams,1 Jennifer K. Pullium,1,3 Eddie Jackson,4 Caryn N. Kim,1 Harold Jaffe,1 Robert Janssen,2 Sal Butera,1 and Thomas M. Folks1

Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research1 and Scientific Resources Program,4 National Center for Infectious Diseases, and Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Surveillance, and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention,2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, and Division of Animal Resources, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 303323

Received 23 March 2000/Accepted 14 July 2000

Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) after intravaginal exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated using the HIV type 2 (HIV-2)/pig-tailed macaque transmission model. PEP for 28 days with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA; tenofovir) was initiated 12 to 72 h following HIV-2 exposure. Systemic infection was not evident in the 12- and 36-h groups, as defined by plasma viremia, cell-associated provirus, antibody responses, and lymph node virus. Breakthrough infection in the 72-h group was detected at week 16 post-virus exposure. These results demonstrate for the first time using a vaginal transmission model that early intervention after high-risk sexual exposures may prevent infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Mailstop G-19, HARB, DASTLR, NCID, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: (404) 639-1018. Fax: (404) 639-1174. E-mail: rxol{at}cdc.gov.

Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 9771-9775, Vol. 74, No. 20
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0


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