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Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 9403-9411, Vol. 74, No. 20
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Vaccination with Inactivated Virus but Not Viral DNA Reduces Virus Load following Challenge with a Heterologous and Virulent Isolate of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Margaret J. Hosie,1,* Thomas Dunsford,1 Dieter Klein,2 Brian J. Willett,1 Celia Cannon,1 Robert Osborne,1 Julie MacDonald,1 Norman Spibey,1,dagger Nancy Mackay,1 Oswald Jarrett,1 and James C. Neil1

Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom,1 and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria2

Received 15 May 2000/Accepted 24 July 2000

It has been shown that cats can be protected against infection with the prototypic Petaluma strain of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIVPET) using vaccines based on either inactivated virus particles or replication-defective proviral DNA. However, the utility of such vaccines in the field is uncertain, given the absence of consistent protection against antigenically distinct strains and the concern that the Petaluma strain may be an unrepresentative, attenuated isolate. Since reduction of viral pathogenicity and dissemination may be useful outcomes of vaccination, even in the absence of complete protection, we tested whether either of these vaccine strategies ameliorates the early course of infection following challenge with heterologous and more virulent isolates. We now report that an inactivated virus vaccine, which generates high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, confers reduced virus loads following challenge with two heterologous isolates, FIVAM6 and FIVGL8. This vaccine also prevented the marked early decline in CD4/CD8 ratio seen in FIVGL8-infected cats. In contrast, DNA vaccines based on either FIVPET or FIVGL8, which induce cell-mediated responses but no detectable antiviral antibodies, protected a fraction of cats against infection with FIVPET but had no measurable effect on virus load when the infecting virus was FIVGL8. These results indicate that the more virulent FIVGL8 is intrinsically more resistant to vaccinal immunity than the FIVPET strain and that a broad spectrum of responses which includes virus neutralizing antibodies is a desirable goal for lentivirus vaccine development.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Rd., Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 41 330 3274. Fax: 44 141 330 5602. E-mail: m.hosie{at}vet.gla.ac.uk.

dagger Present address: Intervet UK Ltd., St. Ives, Cambs PE17 2BQ, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 9403-9411, Vol. 74, No. 20
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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