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Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 9388-9395, Vol. 74, No. 20
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0

Intrinsic Susceptibility of Rhesus Macaque Peripheral CD4+ T Cells to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus In Vitro Is Predictive of In Vivo Viral Replication

Simoy Goldstein,1 Charles R. Brown,1 Houman Dehghani,1 Jeffrey D. Lifson,2 and Vanessa M. Hirsch1,*

Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville,1 and Laboratory of Retroviral Pathogenesis, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick,2 Maryland

Received 5 April 2000/Accepted 19 July 2000

Previous studies with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques suggested that the intrinsic susceptibility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to infection with SIV in vitro was predictive of relative viremia after SIV challenge. The present study was conducted to evaluate this parameter in a well-characterized cohort of six rhesus macaques selected for marked differences in susceptibility to SIV infection in vitro. Rank order relative susceptibility of PBMC to SIVsmE543-3-infection in vitro was maintained over a 1-year period of evaluation. Differential susceptibility of different donors was maintained in CD8+ T-cell-depleted PBMC, macrophages, and CD4+ T-cell lines derived by transformation of PBMC with herpesvirus saimiri, suggesting that this phenomenon is an intrinsic property of CD4+ target cells. Following intravenous infection of these macaques with SIVsmE543-3, we observed a wide range in plasma viremia which followed the same rank order as the relative susceptibility established by in vitro studies. A significant correlation was observed between plasma viremia at 2 and 8 weeks postinoculation and in vitro susceptibility (P < 0.05). The observation that the two most susceptible macaques were seropositive for simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 may suggests a role for this viral infection in enhancing susceptibility to SIV infection in vitro and in vivo. In summary, intrinsic susceptibility of CD4+ target cells appears to be an important factor influencing early virus replication patterns in vivo that should be considered in the design and interpretation of vaccine studies using the SIV/macaque model.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: LMM, NIAID, NIH, Twinbrook II Facility, 12441 Parklawn Dr., Rockville, MD 20852. Phone: (301) 496-2976. Fax: (301) 480-2618. E-mail: vhirsch{at}naiad.nih.gov.

Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 9388-9395, Vol. 74, No. 20
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0


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