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Journal of Virology, January 2000, p. 619-626, Vol. 74, No. 2
Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma
University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma
371-8511,1 Japanese Foundation for AIDS
Prevention, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-1111,2
Tukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, National Institute
of Health, Japan, Tukuba, Ibaragi 305-0843,3
and Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0071,4 Japan
Received 21 December 1998/Accepted 5 October 1999
More than 10 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to
act as coreceptors for infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We have
isolated HIV-1 variants infectious to primary brain-derived CD4-positive cells (BT-3 and BT-20/N) and U87/CD4 glioma cells that are
resistant to T-cell line-tropic (T-tropic), macrophage-tropic (M-tropic), and T- and M-tropic (dualtropic) (X4, R5, and R5X4) HIV-1
strains. These primary brain-derived cells were also highly susceptible
to HIV-2ROD, HIV-2SBL6669, and
SIVmndGB-1. A factor or coreceptor that determines the
susceptibility of these brain-derived cells to these HIV and SIV
strains has not been fully identified. To identify this coreceptor, we
examined amino acid sequences of all known HIV and SIV coreceptors and
noticed that tyrosine residues are well conserved in their
extracellular amino-terminal domains. By this criterion, we selected 18 GPCRs as candidates of coreceptors for HIV and SIV strains infectious
to these brain-derived cells. mRNA expression of an orphan GPCR, RDC1,
was detected in the brain-derived cells, the C8166 T-cell line, and
peripheral blood lymphocytes, all of which are susceptible to HIV-1
variants, but not in macrophages, which are resistant to them. When a
CD4-expressing cell line, NP-2/CD4, which shows strict resistance to
infection not only with HIV-1 but also with HIV-2 or SIV, was
transduced with the RDC1 gene, the cells became highly susceptible to
HIV-2 and SIVmnd strains but to neither M- nor T-tropic
HIV-1 strains. The cells also acquired a low susceptibility to the
HIV-1 variants. These findings indicate that RDC1 is a novel coreceptor
for several HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV strains which infect brain-derived cells.
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
A Putative G Protein-Coupled Receptor, RDC1, Is a
Novel Coreceptor for Human and Simian Immunodeficiency
Viruses
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Virology and Preventive Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. Phone:
81-27-220-8000. Fax: 81-27-220-8006. E-mail:
hoshino{at}akagi.sb.gunma-u.ac.jp.
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