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Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 9234-9239, Vol. 74, No. 19
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Human Coronavirus 229E Infects Polarized Airway Epithelia from the Apical Surface

Guoshun Wang,1 Camille Deering,1 Michael Macke,1 Jianqiang Shao,2 Royce Burns,1 Dianna M. Blau,3 Kathryn V. Holmes,3 Beverly L. Davidson,4 Stanley Perlman,1,5 and Paul B. McCray Jr.1,*

Program in Gene Therapy, Departments of Pediatrics1 and Internal Medicine,4 and Department of Microbiology,5 and Central Microscopy Research Facility,2 University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, and Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, Colorado3

Received 15 March 2000/Accepted 14 July 2000

Gene transfer to differentiated airway epithelia with existing viral vectors is very inefficient when they are applied to the apical surface. This largely reflects the polarized distribution of receptors on the basolateral surface. To identify new receptor-ligand interactions that might be used to redirect vectors to the apical surface, we investigated the process of infection of airway epithelial cells by human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a common cause of respiratory tract infections. Using immunohistochemistry, we found the receptor for HCoV-229E (CD13 or aminopeptidase N) localized mainly to the apical surface of airway epithelia. When HCoV-229E was applied to the apical or basolateral surface of well-differentiated primary cultures of human airway epithelia, infection primarily occurred from the apical side. Similar results were noted when the virus was applied to cultured human tracheal explants. Newly synthesized virions were released mainly to the apical side. Thus, HCoV-229E preferentially infects human airway epithelia from the apical surface. The spike glycoprotein that mediates HCoV-229E binding and fusion to CD13 is a candidate for pseudotyping retroviral envelopes or modifying other viral vectors.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 356-4866. Fax: (319) 356-7171. E-mail: paul-mccray{at}uiowa.edu.

Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 9234-9239, Vol. 74, No. 19
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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