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Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 8922-8929, Vol. 74, No. 19
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (BPIV3) Fusion
and Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Glycoproteins Make an Important
Contribution to the Restricted Replication of BPIV3 in
Primates
Alexander C.
Schmidt,1,2,*
Josephine
M.
McAuliffe,1
Anne
Huang,1
Sonja R.
Surman,1
Jane E.
Bailly,1
William R.
Elkins,1
Peter L.
Collins,1
Brian R.
Murphy,1 and
Mario H.
Skiadopoulos1
Laboratory of Infectious Disease, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,1
Department of Pediatrics, Freie Universität Berlin,
12200 Berlin, Germany2
Received 22 March 2000/Accepted 14 July 2000
This study examines the contribution of the fusion (F) and
hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein genes of
bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) to its restricted replication
in the respiratory tract of nonhuman primates. A chimeric recombinant
human parainfluenza type 3 virus (HPIV3) containing BPIV3 F and HN
glycoprotein genes in place of its own and the reciprocal
recombinant consisting of BPIV3 bearing the HPIV3 F and HN genes
(rBPIV3-FHHNH) were generated to assess the
effect of glycoprotein substitution on replication of HPIV3
and BPIV3 in the upper and lower respiratory tract of rhesus monkeys.
The chimeric viruses were readily recovered and replicated in simian
LLC-MK2 cells to a level comparable to that of their parental viruses,
suggesting that the heterologous glycoproteins were
compatible with the PIV3 internal proteins. HPIV3 bearing the BPIV3 F
and HN genes was restricted in replication in rhesus monkeys to a level
similar to that of its BPIV3 parent virus, indicating that the
glycoprotein genes of BPIV3 are major determinants of its
host range restriction of replication in rhesus monkeys.
rBPIV3-FHHNH replicated in rhesus monkeys
to a level intermediate between that of HPIV3 and BPIV3. This
observation indicates that the F and HN genes make a significant
contribution to the overall attenuation of BPIV3 for rhesus monkeys.
Furthermore, it shows that BPIV3 sequences outside the F and HN region
also contribute to the attenuation phenotype in primates, a finding consistent with the previous demonstration that the nucleoprotein coding sequence of BPIV3 is a determinant of its attenuation for primates. Despite its restricted replication in the respiratory tract
of rhesus monkeys, rBPIV3-FHHNH conferred a
level of protection against challenge with HPIV3 that was
indistinguishable from that induced by previous infection with
wild-type HPIV3. The usefulness of
rBPIV3-FHHNH as a vaccine candidate against
HPIV3 and as a vector for other viral antigens is discussed.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: LID, NIAID, NIH,
Bldg. 7, Rm. 130, 7 Center Dr. MSC 0720, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 496-3490. Fax: (301) 496-8312. E-mail:
aschmidt{at}niaid.nih.gov.
Journal of Virology, October 2000, p. 8922-8929, Vol. 74, No. 19
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
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