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Journal of Virology, September 2000, p. 8343-8348, Vol. 74, No. 18
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Lack of Functional Receptors Is the Only Barrier That Prevents Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus from Infecting Human Cells

Laila Mselli-Lakhal,1 Colette Favier,1 Kevin Leung,2 Francois Guiguen,1 Delphine Grezel,1 Pierre Miossec,3 Jean-François Mornex,1 Opendra Narayan,2 Gilles Querat,4 and Yahia Chebloune1,*

UMR INRA/ENVL/UCBL, Virologie Cellulaire, Moléculaire et Maladies Emergentes, Ecole Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile,1 Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médicine Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08,3 and INSERM U372, Campus de Luminy, BP 178, 13276 Marseille Cedex 09,4 France, and Department of Microbiology, Marion Merrell Dow Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-74242

Received 11 February 2000/Accepted 16 June 2000

Barriers to replication of viruses in potential host cells may occur at several levels. Lack of suitable and functional receptors on the host cell surface, thereby precluding entry of the virus, is a frequent reason for noninfectivity, as long as no alternative way of entry (e.g., pinocytosis, antibody-dependent adsorption) can be exploited by the virus. Other barriers can intervene at later stages of the virus life cycle, with restrictions on transcription of the viral genome, incorrect translation and posttranslational processing of viral proteins, inefficient viral assembly, and release or efficient early induction of apoptosis in the infected cell. The data we present here demonstrate that replication of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is restricted in a variety of human cell lines and primary tissue cultures. This barrier was efficiently overcome by transfection of a novel infectious complete-proviral CAEV construct into the same cells. The successful infection of human cells with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G-pseudotyped Env-defective CAEV confirmed that viral entry is the major obstacle to CAEV infection of human cells. The fully efficient productive infection obtained with the VSV-G-protein-pseudotyped infectious CAEV strengthened the evidence that lack of viral entry is the only practical barrier to CAEV replication in human cells. The virus thus produced retained its original host cell specificity and acquired no propensity to propagate further in human cultures.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: INRA Laboratoire Associé de Recherches sur les Lentivirus des Petits Ruminants, Ecole Vétérinaire de Lyon, BP 83, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France. Phone: (33)-4 78 87 25 68. Fax: (33)-4 78 87 25 94. E-mail: cheblou{at}univ-lyon1.fr.

Journal of Virology, September 2000, p. 8343-8348, Vol. 74, No. 18
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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