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Journal of Virology, September 2000, p. 8292-8298, Vol. 74, No. 18
Institute for Molecular Virology, St. Louis
University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Received 28 February 2000/Accepted 10 June 2000
Concerted integration of retrovirus DNA termini into the host
chromosome in vivo requires specific interactions between the cis-acting attachment (att) sites at the viral
termini and the viral integrase (IN) in trans. In this
study, reconstruction experiments with purified avian myeloblastosis
virus (AMV) IN and retrovirus-like donor substrates containing
wild-type and mutant termini were performed to map the internal
att DNA sequence requirements for concerted integration,
here termed full-site integration. The avian retrovirus mutations were
modeled after internal att site mutations studied at the in
vivo level with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and murine
leukemia virus (MLV). Systematic overlapping 4-bp deletions starting at
nucleotide positions 7, 8, and 9 in the U3 terminus had a decreasing
detrimental gradient effect on full-site integration, while more
internal 4-bp deletions had little or no effect. This decreasing
detrimental gradient effect was measured by the ability of mutant U3
ends to interact with wild-type U3 ends for full-site integration in
trans. Modification of the highly conserved C at position 7 on the catalytic strand to either A or T resulted in the same severe
decrease in full-site integration as the 4-bp deletion starting at this
position. These studies suggest that nucleotide position 7 is crucial
for interactions near the active site of IN for integration activity
and for communication in trans between ends bound by IN for
full-site integration. The ability of AMV IN to interact with internal
att sequences to mediate full-site integration in vitro is
similar to the internal att site requirements observed with
MLV and HIV-1 in vivo and with their preintegration complexes in vitro.
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Avian Retrovirus DNA Internal Attachment Site
Requirements for Full-Site Integration In Vitro
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for
Molecular Virology, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, 3681 Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 577-8411. Fax: (314) 577-8406. E-mail: grandgdp{at}SLU.EDU.
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