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Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 7431-7441, Vol. 74, No. 16
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Assembly of Retrovirus Capsid-Nucleocapsid Proteins in the Presence of Membranes or RNA

Guy Zuber,1 Jason McDermott,2 Sonya Karanjia,2 Weiyi Zhao,2 Michael F. Schmid,3 and Eric Barklis2,*

Vollum Institute and Department of Microbiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201-30982; Laboratoire de Chimie Genetique, Faculté de Pharmacie, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France1; and Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and W. M. Keck Center for Computational Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 770303

Received 24 February 2000/Accepted 23 May 2000

Retrovirus Gag precursor (PrGag) proteins direct the assembly of roughly spherical immature virus particles, while after proteolytic processing events, the Gag capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) domains condense on viral RNAs to form mature retrovirus core structures. To investigate the process of retroviral morphogenesis, we examined the properties of histidine-tagged (His-tagged) Moloney murine leukemia (M-MuLV) capsid plus nucleocapsid (CANC) (His-MoCANC) proteins in vitro. The His-MoCANC proteins bound RNA, possessed nucleic acid-annealing activities, and assembled into strand, circle (or sphere), and tube forms in the presence of RNA. Image analysis of electron micrographs revealed that tubes were formed by cage-like lattices of CANC proteins surrounding at least two different types of protein-free cage holes. By virtue of a His tag association with nickel-chelating lipids, His-MoCANC proteins also assembled into planar sheets on lipid monolayers, mimicking the membrane-associated immature PrGag protein forms. Membrane-bound His-MoCANC proteins organized into two-dimensional (2D) cage-like lattices that were closely related to the tube forms, and in the presence of both nickel-chelating lipids and RNAs, 2D lattice forms appeared similar to lattices assembled in the absence of RNA. Our observations are consistent with a M-MuLV morphogenesis model in which proteolytic processing of membrane-bound Gag proteins permits CA and NC domains to rearrange from an immature spherical structure to a condensed mature form while maintaining local protein-protein contacts.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Vollum Institute and Department of Microbiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201-3098. Phone: (503) 494-8098. Fax: (503) 494-6862. E-mail: barklis{at}ohsu.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 7431-7441, Vol. 74, No. 16
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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