This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Hsue, B.
Right arrow Articles by Masters, P. S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Hsue, B.
Right arrow Articles by Masters, P. S.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 6911-6921, Vol. 74, No. 15
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Characterization of an Essential RNA Secondary Structure in the 3' Untranslated Region of the Murine Coronavirus Genome

Bilan Hsue,1,2 Toinette Hartshorne,3 and Paul S. Masters1,2,*

Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health,1 and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York,2 Albany, New York 12201, and Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 122083

Received 13 March 2000/Accepted 8 May 2000

We have previously identified a functionally essential bulged stem-loop in the 3' untranslated region of the positive-stranded RNA genome of mouse hepatitis virus. This 68-nucleotide structure is composed of six stem segments interrupted by five bulges, and its structure, but not its primary sequence, is entirely conserved in the related bovine coronavirus. The functional importance of individual stem segments of this stem-loop was characterized by genetic analysis using targeted RNA recombination. We also examined the effects of stem segment mutations on the replication of mouse hepatitis virus defective interfering RNAs. These studies were complemented by enzymatic and chemical probing of the stem-loop. Taken together, our results confirmed most of the previously proposed structure, but they revealed that the terminal loop and an internal loop are larger than originally thought. Three of the stem segments were found to be essential for viral replication. Further, our results suggest that the stem segment at the base of the stem-loop is an alternative base-pairing structure for part of a downstream, and partially overlapping, RNA pseudoknot that has recently been shown to be necessary for bovine coronavirus replication.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: David Axelrod Institute, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, New Scotland Ave., P.O. Box 22002, Albany, NY 12201-2002. Phone: (518) 474-1283. Fax: (518) 473-1326. E-mail: masters{at}wadsworth.org.

Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 6911-6921, Vol. 74, No. 15
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Gustin, K. M., Guan, B.-J., Dziduszko, A., Brian, D. A. (2009). Bovine Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 1 (p28) Is an RNA Binding Protein That Binds Terminal Genomic cis-Replication Elements. J. Virol. 83: 6087-6097 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zust, R., Miller, T. B., Goebel, S. J., Thiel, V., Masters, P. S. (2008). Genetic Interactions between an Essential 3' cis-Acting RNA Pseudoknot, Replicase Gene Products, and the Extreme 3' End of the Mouse Coronavirus Genome. J. Virol. 82: 1214-1228 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Beerens, N., Snijder, E. J. (2007). An RNA Pseudoknot in the 3' End of the Arterivirus Genome Has a Critical Role in Regulating Viral RNA Synthesis. J. Virol. 81: 9426-9436 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brown, C. G., Nixon, K. S., Senanayake, S. D., Brian, D. A. (2007). An RNA Stem-Loop within the Bovine Coronavirus nsp1 Coding Region Is a cis-Acting Element in Defective Interfering RNA Replication. J. Virol. 81: 7716-7724 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, P., Li, L., Millership, J. J., Kang, H., Leibowitz, J. L., Giedroc, D. P. (2007). A U-turn motif-containing stem-loop in the coronavirus 5' untranslated region plays a functional role in replication. RNA 13: 763-780 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goebel, S. J., Miller, T. B., Bennett, C. J., Bernard, K. A., Masters, P. S. (2007). A Hypervariable Region within the 3' cis-Acting Element of the Murine Coronavirus Genome Is Nonessential for RNA Synthesis but Affects Pathogenesis. J. Virol. 81: 1274-1287 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kang, H., Feng, M., Schroeder, M. E., Giedroc, D. P., Leibowitz, J. L. (2006). Putative cis-Acting Stem-Loops in the 5' Untranslated Region of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Can Substitute for Their Mouse Hepatitis Virus Counterparts. J. Virol. 80: 10600-10614 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Beerens, N., Snijder, E. J. (2006). RNA signals in the 3' terminus of the genome of Equine arteritis virus are required for viral RNA synthesis. J. Gen. Virol. 87: 1977-1983 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lissenberg, A., Vrolijk, M. M., van Vliet, A. L. W., Langereis, M. A., de Groot-Mijnes, J. D. F., Rottier, P. J. M., de Groot, R. J. (2005). Luxury at a Cost? Recombinant Mouse Hepatitis Viruses Expressing the Accessory Hemagglutinin Esterase Protein Display Reduced Fitness In Vitro. J. Virol. 79: 15054-15063 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Haan, C. A. M., Haijema, B. J., Boss, D., Heuts, F. W. H., Rottier, P. J. M. (2005). Coronaviruses as Vectors: Stability of Foreign Gene Expression. J. Virol. 79: 12742-12751 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Neuman, B. W., Stein, D. A., Kroeker, A. D., Churchill, M. J., Kim, A. M., Kuhn, P., Dawson, P., Moulton, H. M., Bestwick, R. K., Iversen, P. L., Buchmeier, M. J. (2005). Inhibition, Escape, and Attenuated Growth of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Treated with Antisense Morpholino Oligomers. J. Virol. 79: 9665-9676 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bosch, B. J., de Haan, C. A. M., Rottier, P. J. M. (2004). Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein, Extended at the Carboxy Terminus with Green Fluorescent Protein, Is Assembly Competent. J. Virol. 78: 7369-7378 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goebel, S. J., Taylor, J., Masters, P. S. (2004). The 3' cis-Acting Genomic Replication Element of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Can Function in the Murine Coronavirus Genome. J. Virol. 78: 7846-7851 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • VAN DEN BORN, E., GULTYAEV, A. P., SNIJDER, E. J. (2004). Secondary structure and function of the 5'-proximal region of the equine arteritis virus RNA genome. RNA 10: 424-437 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Goebel, S. J., Hsue, B., Dombrowski, T. F., Masters, P. S. (2004). Characterization of the RNA Components of a Putative Molecular Switch in the 3' Untranslated Region of the Murine Coronavirus Genome. J. Virol. 78: 669-682 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Haan, C. A. M., van Genne, L., Stoop, J. N., Volders, H., Rottier, P. J. M. (2003). Coronaviruses as Vectors: Position Dependence of Foreign Gene Expression. J. Virol. 77: 11312-11323 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Raman, S., Bouma, P., Williams, G. D., Brian, D. A. (2003). Stem-Loop III in the 5' Untranslated Region Is a cis-Acting Element in Bovine Coronavirus Defective Interfering RNA Replication. J. Virol. 77: 6720-6730 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Haijema, B. J., Volders, H., Rottier, P. J. M. (2003). Switching Species Tropism: an Effective Way To Manipulate the Feline Coronavirus Genome. J. Virol. 77: 4528-4538 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de Haan, C. A. M., Volders, H., Koetzner, C. A., Masters, P. S., Rottier, P. J. M. (2002). Coronaviruses Maintain Viability despite Dramatic Rearrangements of the Strictly Conserved Genome Organization. J. Virol. 76: 12491-12502 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kuo, L., Masters, P. S. (2002). Genetic Evidence for a Structural Interaction between the Carboxy Termini of the Membrane and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Mouse Hepatitis Virus. J. Virol. 76: 4987-4999 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Curtis, K. M., Yount, B., Baric, R. S. (2002). Heterologous Gene Expression from Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Replicon Particles. J. Virol. 76: 1422-1434 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, Q., Johnson, R. F., Leibowitz, J. L. (2001). Secondary Structural Elements within the 3' Untranslated Region of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain JHM Genomic RNA. J. Virol. 75: 12105-12113 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Verheije, M. H., Kroese, M. V., Rottier, P. J. M., Meulenberg, J. J. M. (2001). Viable porcine arteriviruses with deletions proximal to the 3' end of the genome. J. Gen. Virol. 82: 2607-2614 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»