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Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 6821-6831, Vol. 74, No. 15
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (PIV3) Expressing
the Hemagglutinin Protein of Measles Virus Provides a Potential Method
for Immunization against Measles Virus and PIV3 in Early
Infancy
Anna P.
Durbin,
Mario H.
Skiadopoulos,
Josephine M.
McAuliffe,
Jeffrey M.
Riggs,
Sonja R.
Surman,
Peter L.
Collins, and
Brian R.
Murphy*
Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of
Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Received 6 March 2000/Accepted 10 May 2000
Recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) was used as a
vector to express the major protective antigen of measles virus, the
hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein, in order to create a bivalent
PIV3-measles virus that can be administered intranasally. The measles
virus HA open reading frame (ORF) was inserted as an additional
transcriptional unit into the N-P, P-M, or HA-neuraminidase (HN)-L gene
junction of wild-type PIV3 or into the N-P or P-M gene junction of an
attenuated derivative of PIV3, termed rcp45L. The
recombinant PIV3 (rPIV3) viruses bearing the HA inserts replicated more
slowly in vitro than their parental viruses but reached comparable peak
titers of
107.5 50% tissue culture infective doses per
ml. Each of the wild-type or cold-passaged 45L (cp45L)
PIV3(HA) chimeric viruses replicated 5- to 10-fold less well than its
respective parent virus in the upper respiratory tract of hamsters.
Thus, insertion of the ~2-kb ORF itself conferred attenuation, and
this attenuation was additive to that conferred by the
cp45L mutations. The attenuated cp45L PIV3(HA)
recombinants induced a high level of resistance to replication of PIV3
challenge virus in hamsters and induced very high levels of measles
virus neutralizing antibodies (>1:8,000) that are well in excess of
those known to be protective in humans. rPIV3s expressing the HA gene
in the N-P or P-M junction induced about 400-fold more measles
virus-neutralizing antibody than did the rPIV3 with the HA gene in the
HN-L junction, indicating that the N-P or P-M junction appears to be
the preferred insertion site. Previous studies indicated that the PIV3
cp45 virus, a more attenuated version of
rcp45L, replicates efficiently in the respiratory tract of
monkeys and is immunogenic and protective even when administered in the
presence of very high titers of passively transferred PIV3 antibodies
(A. P. Durbin, C. J. Cho, W. R. Elkins, L. S. Wyatt, B. Moss, and B. R. Murphy, J. Infect. Dis.
179:1345-1351, 1999). This suggests that this intranasally
administered PIV3(HA) chimeric virus can be used to immunize infants
with maternally acquired measles virus antibodies in whom the current
parenterally administered live measles virus vaccine is ineffective.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: 7 Center Dr.,
MSC 0720, Bethesda, MD 20892-0720. Phone: (301) 594-1616. Fax: (301) 496-8312. E-mail: bmurphy{at}niaid.nih.gov.

Present address: Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins
School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD
21205.
Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 6821-6831, Vol. 74, No. 15
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
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