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Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 6720-6724, Vol. 74, No. 15
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

CD4-Independent, CCR5-Dependent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Chemotaxis of Human Cells

Sujatha Iyengar,1 David H. Schwartz,1,* Janice E. Clements,2 and James E. K. Hildreth3

Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Public Health,1 and Departments of Pharmacology3 and Comparative Medicine,2 School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Received 26 July 1999/Accepted 21 April 2000

Most simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), and HIV-1 infection of host peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is CD4 dependent. In some cases, X4 HIV-1 chemotaxis is CD4 independent, and cross-species transmission might be facilitated by CD4-independent entry, which has been demonstrated for some SIV strains in CD4- non-T cells. As expected for CCR5-dependent virus, SIV required CD4 on rhesus and pigtail macaque PBMCs for infection and chemotaxis. However, SIV induced the chemotaxis of human PBMCs in a CD4-independent manner. Furthermore, in contrast to the results of studies using transfected human cell lines, SIV did not require CD4 binding to productively infect primary human PBMCs. CD4-independent lymphocyte and macrophage infection may facilitate cross-species transmission, while reacquisition of CD4 dependence may confer a selective advantage for the virus within new host species.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179. Phone: (410) 955-3175. Fax: (410) 955-0105. E-mail: dschwart{at}jhsph.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2000, p. 6720-6724, Vol. 74, No. 15
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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