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Journal of Virology, July 2000, p. 6147-6155, Vol. 74, No. 13
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Tumor-Specific, Replication-Competent Adenovirus
Vectors Overexpressing the Adenovirus Death Protein
Konstantin
Doronin,
Karoly
Toth,
Mohan
Kuppuswamy,
Peter
Ward,
Ann E.
Tollefson, and
William S. M.
Wold*
Department of Molecular Microbiology and
Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis,
Missouri
Received 10 December 1999/Accepted 28 March 2000
We have constructed two novel adenovirus (Ad) replication-competent
vectors, named KD1 and KD3, that may have use in anticancer therapy.
The vectors have two key features. First, they markedly overexpress the
Ad death protein (ADP), an Ad nuclear membrane glycoprotein required at
late stages of infection for efficient cell lysis and release of Ad
from cells. Overexpression of ADP was achieved by deleting the E3
region and reinserting the adp gene. Because ADP is
overexpressed, KD1 and KD3 are expected to spread more rapidly and
effectively through tumors. Second, KD1 and KD3 have two E1A mutations
(from the mutant dl1101/1107) that prevent efficient
replication in nondividing cells but allow replication in dividing
cancer cells. These E1A mutations preclude binding of E1A proteins to
p300 and pRB. As a result, the virus should not be able to drive cells
from G0 to S phase and therefore should not be able to
replicate in normal tissues. We show that KD1 and KD3 do not replicate
well in quiescent HEL-299 cells or in primary human bronchial
epithelial cells, small airway epithelial cells, or endothelial cells;
however, they replicate well in proliferating HEL-299 cells and human
A549 lung carcinoma cells. In cultured A549 cells, KD1 and KD3 lyse
cells and spread from cell to cell more rapidly than their control
virus, dl1101/1107, or wild-type Ad. They are also more
efficient than dl1101/1107 or wild-type Ad in complementing
the spread from cell to cell of an E1
E3
replication-defective vector expressing
-galactosidase. A549 cells
form rapidly growing solid tumors when injected into the hind flanks of
immunodeficient nude mice; however, when A549 cells were infected with
10
4 PFU of KD3/cell prior to injection into mice, tumor
formation was nearly completely suppressed. When established A549
tumors in nude mice were examined, tumors injected with buffer grew
13.3-fold over 5 weeks, tumors injected with dl1101/1107
grew 8-fold, and tumors injected with KD1 or KD3 grew 2.6-fold. Hep 3B
tumors injected with buffer grew 12-fold over 3.5 weeks, whereas tumors
injected with KD1 or KD3 grew 4-fold. We conclude that KD1 and KD3 show promise as anticancer therapeutics.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104. Phone: (314) 577-8435. Fax: (314) 773-3403. E-mail: woldws{at}slu.edu.
Journal of Virology, July 2000, p. 6147-6155, Vol. 74, No. 13
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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